Indonesians have been using herbal medicines for a long time to cure some illnesses. Carica papaya L is an example of an herb that contains papain enzymes, saponins, lysozymes, lipases, flavonoids, polyphenols and vitamin C. These ingredients are believed to be beneficial for the wound healing process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of topical application of ethanolic extract of Carica papaya L to the healing process of rat mouth ulcer. Subjects were 32 Wistar rats divided into 2 groups (control group and treatment group), each group containing 16 rats. All subjects were made to suffer from ulcers using glacial acetyl acid applied for 40 seconds in the buccal mucosa. Treatment group was treated with papaya leaf ethanolic extract on ulcers twice a day using microbrush, while the ulcer in the control group was not treated with the extract. The ulcerated tissue was biopsied and stained with H&E. Observations were performed on the day 0, 3 rd , 7 th and 12 th on HE slides. Data were observed by looking at three indicators of wound healing i.e. macrophage, angiogenesis and re-epithelisation. Number of macrophages and angiogenesis were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Data of epithelial thickness were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. The post hoc test in the treatment group and the control group on day 0 showed results of p = 1.00. On day 3, day 7 and day 12, the result of p was <0.05. In the treatment group on day 0 compared to the treatment group on the 3 rd , 7 th , 12 th day, the results were p<0.05. In the treatment group on the 3 rd day compared to the 7 th and 12 th days the results were p>0.05. The treatment group on the 7 th day compared to the treatment group on the 12 th day had p>0.05. In the control group, on day 0 compared to day 3, the results of p>0.05, while the control group day 0 with day 7, 12 had a result of p<0.05. The control group on the 3 rd day was compared with the 7 th day. The 12 th also had a result of p<0.05. The comparison between the 7 th and 12 th day control groups showed p of >0.05. These data suggest that the papaya leaf ethanolic extract could accelerate the healing of oral ulcer on the buccal mucosa of wistar rats.

Background: Oral candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection of the oral cavity caused by an overgrowth of the Candida species, in particular, Candida albicans. The incidence varies depending on age and certain predisposing factors. In the practice of dentistry, doctor-patient communication is an important component. Effective communication between doctor and patient is needed to convey information and educate patients so that treatment can be administered appropriately. Purpose: This case aimed to discuss the clinical appearance of acute pseudomembranous candidiasis (APC) in children and the importance of good communication, information and education of patients. Case: A five-year-old male patient came with his mother on November 6, 2020 complaining of white deposits on the mucosa of the upper and lower lips that had been present for a week. Case management: The diagnosis was defined as a typical APC lesion although the potassium hydroxide (KOH) test showed negative results. Characteristic lesions found in APC are often seen clearly in some cases and treatment can begin immediately. Patients receive the empirical therapy, Nystatin oral suspension 100.000 i.u, and the patient is instructed to maintain optimal oral hygiene care, maintain nutrient intake and book a follow-up consultation. Conclusion: Mistakes in patient preparation procedures in taking supporting examinations will result in false negative/positive results, so communication and education information regarding the preparation of supporting examinations for patients is important to note.

Objective This study aims to assess whether community empowerment as a health promotion program can improve the knowledge of the elderly and develop self-awareness about their oral health. The elderly population has increased in number and needs special attention, especially regarding the improvement of hygiene and health. Community empowerment is a type of health promotion program that can take the form of counseling and providing knowledge about oral health to the elderly. Materials and Methods Participants are elderly aged 60 years or older. Counseling was done by oral medicine specialists and residents to provide knowledge about oral health problems. Assessment of knowledge improvement was done using pretest and posttest in a written questionnaire. Statistical Analysis The Shapiro–Wilk test followed by the Wilcoxon test was used to compare the difference before and after counseling. Results From a total of 38 elderly included in this study, 29 (76.32%) showed an improved score in posttest compared with pretest. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores of study participants (p < 0.005). Conclusion Counseling in empowerment programs can help the elderly improve their knowledge about oral health, so that improvements can be expected to be followed by the development of self-awareness in the future.

HIV infection is one of the ten major health problems in the world which is quite worrying and will develop into AIDS if the infection has acquired an advanced stage. In HIV/AIDS patients, the infection can manifest as lesions in the oral cavity. For health workers such as dentists, HIV/AIDS is an infectious disease which requires to beware because treatments in dental care possess a risk of transmitting HIV from sufferers to dentists. Thus, knowledge and good attitude are required as an effort to prevent HIV/AIDS transmission. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between knowledge and attitude to prevent HIV/AIDS transmission in dental students at Dental student (RSGM), Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. This study employed a cross sectional study. The sample of this research is dental students comprising of 65 students. Collecting data administered a questionnaire instrument about knowledge and attitude to prevent HIV/AIDS transmission. Data analysis utilized Spearman Rank Correlation test. The results revealed that 48 respondents (73.8%) owned high knowledge and 33 respondents (50.7%) possessed positive attitude about HIV/AIDS. Spearman Rank Correlation test displayed a significance value of 0.001 (p < 0.05) with a correlation coefficient of 0.404. There is a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude to preventing HIV/AIDS transmission in dental students at Dental Hospital (RSGM) UMY and in general, dental students possess high knowledge and positive attitude.