Clinical application of growth factors and cytokines in wound healing

Abstract

Wound healing is a complex and dynamic biological process that involves the coordinated efforts of multiple cell types and is executed and regulated by numerous growth factors and cytokines. There has been a drive in the past two decades to study the therapeutic effects of various growth factors in the clinical management of non-healing wounds (e.g. pressure ulcers, chronic venous ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers). For this review, we conducted a nonline search of Medline and Pub Medical and critically analyzed the literature regarding the role of growth factors and cytokines in the management of these wounds. We focused on currently approved therapies, emerging therapies and future research possibilities. In this review we discuss four growth factors and cytokines currently being used on and off label for the healing of wounds. These include: granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). While the clinical results of using growth factors and cytokines are encouraging, many studies involved a small sample size and are disparate in measured endpoints. Therefore, further research is required to provide definitive evidence of efficacy.

In Vitro and Pilot In Vivo Evaluation of a Bioactive Coating for Stent Grafts Based on Chondroitin Sulfate and Epidermal Growth Factor

“…Two different bioactive molecules were selected to create a bioactive coating: (i) chondroitin sulfate (CS), a glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix that participates in the integrity of the arterial wall in normal aortas [9] and exhibits anti-apoptotic properties [10]; and (ii) epidermal growth factor (EGF), a major actor of wound-healing [11] presenting both anti-apoptotic and pro-proliferative properties [12,13]. This choice is based on previous studies that have shown the superiority of the combination of CS and EGF [14].…”

Is there any association between mycosis fungoides and Th-1, Th-2 cytokines and transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene polymorphisms?

“…Efforts to reduce the problems associated with wound areas have a long history. Now, in conjunction with advances in the field of biotechnology, new treatment models have been developed 1,2 . Platelet rich plasma (PRP) involves a number of biologically active matters, such as thrombocyte granules, catecholamine, serotonin, adenosine triphosphate, albumin, fibrinogen, osteonectin, osteocalcin, calcium, and various coagulation factors, as well as growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α), TGF-β, insulin-like growth factor, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-1, plateletderived angiogenesis factor, and epidermal growth factor (EGF), which have local effectiveness [3][4][5][6] .…”

Improvement of reparative regeneration in surgery

“…При этом происходит высвобождение вазоактивных веществ и факторов роста -белков, которые инициируют процессы заживления ран путем привлечения и активации фибробластов, эн дотелиальных клеток, макрофагов и т.д. [1,2,7,8]. В связи с тем что в регуляции регенера торных процессов установлена роль иммун ной системы, некоторые авторы пытаются ускорить регенерацию с помощью цитокинов и стимуляторов иммунитета, особенно мак рофагов.…”