Clinical aspects of multifocal or generalized tonic dystonia in reflex sympathetic dystrophy

Abstract

The authors describe 10 patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy that progressed to a multifocal or generalized tonic dystonia. The neuropsychologic profile was similar to that of other patients with chronic pain, irrespective of its cause. The distribution pattern of dystonia, the stretch reflex abnormalities, and the worsening of dystonia after tactile and auditory stimuli suggest impairment of interneuronal circuits at the brainstem or spinal level. Antibody titers for glutamic acid decarboxylase, tetanus, and Sjögren antigens were all normal.

Modeling movement disorders—CRPS-related dystonia explained by abnormal proprioceptive reflexes

“…Here, the stiffness outcome measure was the ratio between the applied torque and the resulting displacement of the limb, which is the difference between the joint angle in the section where no input was given and the section where an external torque was applied. Two additional criteria were defined based on clinical experience and literature (Van de Beek et al, 2002;Van Hilten et al, 2001: 4. Diminished capacity for voluntary control: the limb cannot voluntarily be moved out of its fixed posture and no considerable joint torques can be produced (Mugge et al, in press) leading to disability (Geyer and Bressman, 2006).…”

Wherever is my arm? Impaired upper limb position accuracy in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

“…Moreover, limb position sense is integral to motor performance yet motor dysfunction is well recognised in CRPS [4,13,14,22,24,38,45,46,47,48]. Brainimaging evidence of altered neural activity in motor cortices has also been found [29].…”

Botulinum Toxin for Pain Syndromes

“…При анализе исследований, в которых применялись инъ-екции БТА для лечения этих нозологий, была показана эффективность терапии: выраженное уменьшение боле-вого синдрома, а в случае с ампутированной конечно-стью появлялась возможность использовать протезы, что ранее было невозможно из-за выраженной боли [67][68][69][70].…”