Clinical, Bacteriological and Radiological Study of Community Acquired Pneumonia - A Hospital based Study

Abstract

Introduction: Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity, both in developing and developed countries and is the commonest cause (10%) of hospitalization. CAP mortality is variable depending on the site of care; it is less than 1% in the outpatient setting, around 5% in inpatients not requiring ICU care, up to 25% in intubated patients, and near 50% in ICU patients requiring vasopressors. The aim of this study was to analyse the mode of presentation of pneumonias, its clinical features, bacteriological and radiological features for the early detection of disease, the causative agent and to find out the complications. Material and methods: This was a prospective study which included total 50 cases. Patient with acute onset of fever associated chills and rigors and patients with chest pain, breathlessness and cough with expectoration were selected as pneumonia patients. Blood for WBC Count and Differential Count were done. Sputum for gram stain, AFB, and Culture were done. Chest X-ray PA view were performed to know the site of consolidation. ELISA was also done to rule out HIV infection. Results: The age group in this study group varied from 18-85 years, most of them were between 30-70 years of which 56.0% were <60 years. The incidence of CAP was most common in men (74%) compared to female (26%). The associated diseases in this study were COPD (22.0%). The commonest presenting symptoms were fever (100%), cough (100%), expectoration (92%); other symptoms include dyspnoea (78%), and chest pain (62%). Conclusion: In our study prognosis was good with mortality of 8%, about 4 patients died due to respiratory failure. Most of the patients recovered without any complications, expect in patients with COPD, symptoms were not completely reduced and were advised for follow-up.

Assessing the rural food environment for advancing sustainable healthy diets: Insights from India

“…The food environments in rural communities in India reflect [38][39][40] a nutrient-poor and high-carbohydrate diet along with increasing addition of discretionary foods that have more added sugar. This trend bends toward J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f staple and discretionary foods that consist of more refined carbohydrates with low fiber content.…”