Clinical Biomarkers for Early Identification of Patients with Intracranial Metastatic Disease

Gaebe, Karolina; Li, Alyssa Y.; Das, Sunit

doi:10.3390/cancers13235973

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Interestingly, a study by Bogsrud et al 23 reported detection of small satellite tumors of 2 to 4 mm in patients with suspected high-grade gliomas. All these tumors had high TBRs 4–18 that probably enabled detection below PET spatial resolution. The satellite tumors were undetectable on MRI, although this may be explained by the 5 to 14 days delay between MRI and PET/CT examinations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is frequently the preferred treatment for patients with brain metastases, but whole-brain radiation therapy, neurosurgical resection, and/or systemic treatments such as chemotherapy, immunotherapies, and targeted therapy can also be considered. 7,8 Late diagnosis may limit treatment options, 9 and early identification and accurate localization of brain metastases are therefore important for treatment planning and preventing further deterioration of the patient. 10 Precise tumor delineation and tools to differentiate brain metastases from treatment-related changes, such as radiation necrosis, are also of high importance.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic Value of 18F-FACBC PET/MRI in Brain Metastases

Øen

Johannessen

Pedersen³

et al. 2022

Clin Nucl Med

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PurposeThe study aims to evaluate whether combined 18F-FACBC PET/MRI could provide additional diagnostic information compared with MRI alone in brain metastases.Patients and MethodsEighteen patients with newly diagnosed or suspected recurrence of brain metastases received dynamic 18F-FACBC PET/MRI. Lesion detection was evaluated on PET and MRI scans in 2 groups depending on prior stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS group) or not (no-SRS group). SUVs, time-activity curves, and volumetric analyses of the lesions were performed.ResultsIn the no-SRS group, 29/29 brain lesions were defined as “MRI positive.” With PET, 19/29 lesions were detected and had high tumor-to-background ratios (TBRs) (Dmax MR, ≥7 mm; SUVmax, 1.2–8.4; TBR, 3.9–25.9), whereas 10/29 lesions were undetected (Dmax MR, ≤8 mm; SUVmax, 0.3–1.2; TBR, 1.0–2.7). In the SRS group, 4/6 lesions were defined as “MRI positive,” whereas 2/6 lesions were defined as “MRI negative” indicative of radiation necrosis. All 6 lesions were detected with PET (Dmax MR, ≥15 mm; SUVmax, 1.4–4.2; TBR, 3.6–12.6). PET volumes correlated and were comparable in size with contrast-enhanced MRI volumes but were only partially congruent (mean DSC, 0.66). All time-activity curves had an early peak, followed by a plateau or a decreasing slope.Conclusions18F-FACBC PET demonstrated uptake in brain metastases from cancer of different origins (lung, gastrointestinal tract, breast, thyroid, and malignant melanoma). However, 18F-FACBC PET/MRI did not improve detection of brain metastases compared with MRI but might detect tumor tissue beyond contrast enhancement on MRI. 18F-FACBC PET should be further evaluated in recurrent brain metastases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Value of 18F-FACBC PET/MRI in Brain Metastases

Øen

Johannessen

Pedersen³

et al. 2022

Clin Nucl Med

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“…Previous research has identified several risk factors specific for the presence of BrMs in NSCLC: being the female gender; concurrent lymphatic metastases; specific microRNA signatures; a high neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR) ratio; elevated levels of neurofilament light chain; presence of EGFR driver mutation; and elevated serum levels of CEA, S100B, ProApolipoprotein A1 (apo A-1), Ki-67, VEGF-C, caspace-3, and calcium. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Sun, et at., have even postulated that ProApolipoprotein A1 and S100B alone may be used for an independent and accurate diagnosis of metastatic brain tumors; which could allow a clinician performing metastatic work ups to administer prophylactic treatments, such as intracranial irradiation. [25] Preclinical studies using rodent models have demonstrated early detection of BrMs by employing molecular MRI with contrast agents that highlight tumor vascular factors ALCAM21 and VCAM-1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles of Lung Cancer Metastasis to Brain

Goeckeritz

Cerillo

Sanghadia

et al. 2022

JSS

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Lung cancer is a disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality on a global setting. This form of cancer commonly gives raise to metastatic lesions the brain, which can further worsen outcomes. In this focused review, we discuss an overview of lung cancers that metastasize to the brain: known risk factors; means of detection and diagnosis; and options for treatment including a comparison between surgical resection, stereotactic radiosurgery, and whole-brain radiation therapy. These interventions are still being assessed by clinical trials and continue to be modified through evidence-based practice.

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“…Elegant studies have been designed to identify cancer biomarkers or signatures of indicating how patients would respond to therapies [ 1 , 2 ]. These previous studies aim to diagnose malignancy or to examine the prognosis such as future metastasis or long-term survival.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of occult tumor progression via platelet RNAs in a mouse melanoma model: a potential new platform for early detection of cancer

Yin

Jiang²,

Shen

et al. 2022

J Transl Med

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Background Cancer screening provides the opportunity to detect cancer early, ideally before symptom onset and metastasis, and offers an increased opportunity for a better prognosis. The ideal biomarkers for cancer screening should discriminate individuals who have not developed invasive cancer yet but are destined to do so from healthy subjects. However, most cancers lack effective screening recommendations. Therefore, further studies on novel screening strategies are urgently required. Methods We used a simple suboptimal inoculation melanoma mouse model to obtain ‘pre-diagnostic samples’ of mice with macroscopic melanomas. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were employed to identify differentially expressed RNAs in platelet signatures of mice injected with a suboptimal number of melanoma cells (eDEGs) compared with mice with macroscopic melanomas and negative controls. Moreover, 36 genes selected from the eDEGs via bioinformatics analysis were verified in a mouse validation cohort via quantitative real-time PCR. LASSO regression was utilized to generate the prediction models with gene expression signatures as the best predictors for occult tumor progression in mice. Results These RNAs identified from eDEGs of mice injected with a suboptimal number of cancer cells were strongly enriched in pathways related to immune response and regulation. The prediction models generated by 36 gene qPCR verification data showed great diagnostic efficacy and predictive value in our murine validation cohort, and could discriminate mice with occult tumors from control group (area under curve (AUC) of 0.935 (training data) and 0.912 (testing data)) (gene signature including Cd19, Cdkn1a, S100a9, Tap1, and Tnfrsf1b) and also from macroscopic tumor group (AUC of 0.920 (training data) and 0.936 (testing data)) (gene signature including Ccr7, Cd4, Kmt2d, and Ly6e). Conclusions Our proof-of-concept study provides evidence for potential clinical relevance of blood platelets as a platform for liquid biopsy-based early detection of cancer.

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Clinical Biomarkers for Early Identification of Patients with Intracranial Metastatic Disease

Cited by 5 publications

References 120 publications

Diagnostic Value of 18F-FACBC PET/MRI in Brain Metastases

Diagnostic Value of 18F-FACBC PET/MRI in Brain Metastases

Principles of Lung Cancer Metastasis to Brain

Prediction of occult tumor progression via platelet RNAs in a mouse melanoma model: a potential new platform for early detection of cancer

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