Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with a history of cardiovascular disease

Abstract

New emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affects the lungs, but the virus may cause cardiovascular disease (CVD), and a history of CVD is usually associated with comorbidities, which could increase the severity of infections. In this study, we collected demographic and clinical characteristics data from 123 patients with a history of CVD, who were confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test in Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran, from March 2021 to June 2021. Chi-Square and Fisher's Exact test with a significance level of P less than 0.05 was performed. All statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software version 26.0. Among the studied patients, 99 patients were discharged and 24 of them died. 62 (50.4%) of the study population were female and 61 (49.6%) were male, and there is no significant association between gender and the outcome of patients (P = 0.159). The total mean age of patients was 68.35±12.41. Statistical analysis has represented a significant relation of death outcomes in CVD patients with age 60 years and older (P = 0.001), in comparison with patients younger than 60 years. In this present study, no significant relation between underlying disease and mortality rate was reported, but in COVID-19 patients with a history of CVD and age upper than 60 years, death outcome was more probable.

The Effect of Smoking and Opioid Consumption on the Severity of the Disease and Duration of Hospitalization in COVID-19 Patients

“…Clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection are diverse, ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe viral pneumonia with respiratory failure and death [5]. Older age, male gender, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease were reported as the COVID-19 risk factors and are associated with a poor outcome in these patients [6,7]. Although there is general agreement that severe COVID-19 infection is related to the comorbidities listed above, the link between tobacco use and the severity of COVID-19 disease is still debated [8][9][10][11][12][13].…”