Background Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common chronic microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the association between Serum Uric Acid (SUA) levels and diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods We performed this case–control study during 2019–2020 on individuals with diabetes referring to the Razi clinic of Rasht, in the north of Iran. Polyneuropathy in patients was assessed based on the Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS), Diabetic neuropathy symptom score (DNS) scoring system, and electromyography (EMG)/nerve conduction velocity (NCV). The inclusion criterion for the control group was normal EMG/NCV. Then, the patients were assessed for SUA level and also laboratory results. Results In total, 230 patients with type 2 diabetes were examined. The mean SUA level in the DPN group was significantly higher compared to the control group (6.72 ± 1.75 vs. 4.57 ± 1.49 mg/dL). With increasing the SUA, the odds of developing neuropathy increased by 2.2 times (OR = 2.2). The risk factors for diabetic polyneuropathy included gender (male) (OR = 0.347), SBP (OR = 1.1), retinopathy (OR = 3.29), and microalbuminuria (OR = 4.44). The chance of developing polyneuropathy in patients with retinopathy was 3.3 times higher than in the control group, it was 4.4 times in microalbuminuria patients. Conclusion Elevated SUA level increased the chance of developing peripheral polyneuropathy in a person with type 2 diabetes. SUA levels higher than 5.25 mg / dL expose a person with type 2 diabetes to developing peripheral polyneuropathy.

BACKGROUNDCurrently, it has been demonstrated that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most important disorders of the digestive system and the commixture of regular diet has a significant influence on its incidence, symptoms, and prognosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation, in combination with PPIs(Proton pump inhibitors), on the improvement of GERD symptoms.METHODSIn a randomized double blind clinical trial, patients with reflux symptoms, who had obtained Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ) score more than 8, were included and all the demographic features were recorded. Then, using upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, all the patients were divided into two groups as having non-erosive reflux disorder (NERD),or erosive reflux disorder (ERD). At the next step, based on random block statistical method, we divided the two groups into two subgroups; the drug subgroup [treated with PPIs (40 mg pantoprazole/daily), changing life style, and 220 mgzinc capsules daily] and the placebo subgroup [treated with PPIs, changing life style, and placebo]. After 3 months, we analyzed all data and the RDQ questionnaire was filled out for each patient. This project has been registered in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) and all data were analyzed using SPSS software version 2.RESULTSA total of 140 patients (81 women and 59 men) with mean age of 42.78±11.5 years were included with 70 patients in each group. The most frequent presentations were heart burn (45.7%), and acid regurgitation (39.3%). The RDQ scores decreased after intervention in both drug (p<0.001) and placebo groups (p<0.001), which were statistically significant. But the difference of RDQ scores between the drug group and placebo group was not statistically significant (p=0.086).CONCLUSIONZinc supplementation cannot improve the severity of GERD.

Background: Diabetes is one of the most common and costly chronic diseases with an increasing prevalence in all around the world. On the other hand, the relationship between Uric Acid (UA) level and glycemic index in type 2 diabetic patients is not clear. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the UA level and glycemic status of type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: A total of 230 patients with type 2 diabetes were studied in this cross-sectional study, who referred to Razi and Besat clinics in 2020. Researcher-made checklist were used to collect demographic and clinical data includes age, sex, duration of the disease, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), Cholesterol, Triglyceride (TG), high density lipid (HDL), low density lipid (LDL), Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), UA, Creatinine (Cr) level, history of heart disease, blood pressure, and a history of smoking. The results were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. Results: The results showed that there was a marginally significant relationship between UA and HbA1C (r = 0.318, P<0.001), Cr (r = 0.351, P<0.001) and Triglyceride (TG) (r = 0.174, P=0.008). Conclusion: Generally, in patients with type 2 diabetes, serum UA level has an adverse effect on glycemic status.