Clinical characteristics of Idiopathic Epilepsy in Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs in Switzerland

Sauer-Delhées, S; Steffen, Frank; Reichler, Iris M; Beckmann, Katrin

doi:10.17236/sat00279

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In order to standardize the population in absence of well-defined epileptic syndromes, two breeds were chosen, Border Collies and Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs, with assumed genetic background and similar epileptic syndrome in regard to seizure onset, seizure semiology and response to treatment. Only dogs were included that showed the breed specific seizure pattern 26 – 28 . In both breeds focal onset with secondary generalization is the most common seizure type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both breeds focal onset with secondary generalization is the most common seizure type. In addition, medically refractory epilepsy is common in both breeds 26 – 28 . The detected increased DMN connectivity in epileptic Border Collies and Greater Swiss Mountain dogs suffering from generalized tonic–clonic seizures suggests a potential target area for further studies, but the degree of functional reorganization in dogs affected by natural occurring idiopathic epilepsy is still unknown and whether or not distinct pattern of altered connectivity, corresponding to specific pattern in human epileptic syndromes, can be found for example in different breed specific epileptic syndrome has to be proven in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the extent to which the temporal lobe is involved remains controversial 25 . In dogs, pedigree studies have demonstrated an hereditary basis for idiopathic epilepsy in several breeds including Border Collies 26 , 27 and greater Swiss mountain dogs 28 . Furthermore, neurobehavioral comorbidities reported in human epilepsy, such as anxiety disorder 29 , attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 30 , 31 and cognitive impairment 32 , 33 , have been recently recognized in canine epilepsy and have been reported to negatively impact the quality of life of the effected dogs 34 , 35 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased resting state connectivity in the anterior default mode network of idiopathic epileptic dogs

Beckmann

Wang‐Leandro

Richter

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic, neurological diseases in humans and dogs and considered to be a network disease. In human epilepsy altered functional connectivity in different large-scale networks have been identified with functional resting state magnetic resonance imaging. Since large-scale resting state networks have been consistently identified in anesthetised dogs’ application of this technique became promising in canine epilepsy research. The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in large-scale resting state networks in epileptic dogs compared to healthy controls. Our hypothesis was, that large-scale networks differ between epileptic dogs and healthy control dogs. A group of 17 dogs (Border Collies and Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs) with idiopathic epilepsy was compared to 20 healthy control dogs under a standardized sevoflurane anaesthesia protocol. Group level independent component analysis with dimensionality of 20 components, dual regression and two-sample t test were performed and revealed significantly increased functional connectivity in the anterior default mode network of idiopathic epileptic dogs compared to healthy control dogs (p = 0.00060). This group level differences between epileptic dogs and healthy control dogs identified using a rather simple data driven approach could serve as a starting point for more advanced resting state network analysis in epileptic dogs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased resting state connectivity in the anterior default mode network of idiopathic epileptic dogs

Beckmann

Wang‐Leandro

Richter

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…The sample size was relatively small with groups not balanced regarding breeds, age and sex. However, the sex distribution with more males than female in IEU and IET dogs reflects the natural distribution of the disease in dogs, with a higher risk of epilepsy in male dogs (93,94). Further studies assessing differences among breeds are needed to exclude a possible bias.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketamine administration in idiopathic epileptic and healthy control dogs: Can we detect differences in brain metabolite response with spectroscopy?

Wieser

Beckmann²,

Kutter³

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionIn recent years ketamine has increasingly become the focus of multimodal emergency management for epileptic seizures. However, little is known about the effect of ketamine on brain metabolites in epileptic patients. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique to estimate brain metabolites in vivo. Our aim was to measure the effect of ketamine on thalamic metabolites in idiopathic epileptic (IE) dogs using 3 Tesla MRS. We hypothesized that ketamine would increase the glutamine—glutamate (GLX)/creatine ratio in epileptic dogs with and without antiseizure drug treatment, but not in control dogs. Furthermore, we hypothesized that no different responses after ketamine administration in other measured brain metabolite ratios between the different groups would be detected.MethodsIn this controlled prospective experimental trial IE dogs with or without antiseizure drug treatment and healthy client-owned relatives of the breeds Border Collie and Greater Swiss Mountain Dog, were included. After sedation with butorphanol, induction with propofol and maintenance with sevoflurane in oxygen and air, a single voxel MRS at the level of the thalamus was performed before and 2 min after intravenous administration of 1 mg/kg ketamine. An automated data processing spectral fitting linear combination model algorithm was used to estimate all commonly measured metabolite ratios. A mixed ANOVA with the independent variables ketamine administration and group allocation was performed for all measured metabolites. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsTwelve healthy control dogs, 10 untreated IE and 12 treated IE dogs were included. No significant effects for GLX/creatine were found. However, increased glucose/creatine ratios were found (p < 0.001) with no effect of group allocation. Furthermore, increases in the GABA/creatine ratio were found in IEU dogs.DiscussionMRS was able to detect changes in metabolite/creatine ratios after intravenous administration of 1 mg/kg ketamine in dogs and no evidence was found that excitatory effects are induced in the thalamus. Although it is beyond the scope of this study to investigate the antiseizure potential of ketamine in dogs, results of this research suggest that the effect of ketamine on the brain metabolites could be dependent on the concentrations of brain metabolites before administration.

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“…To overcome the issue of the heterogenicity in canine epileptic syndromes, we decided to select breeds with rather well-characterized epileptic syndrome and familiar history of epilepsy, suggesting a common genetic background for the diseases in this breed ( 23 ). From those dog breeds presented to our hospital more commonly with IE, Border Collie (BC) and Greater Swiss Mountain Dog (GSMD) met these criteria ( 24 , 25 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Voxel Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the Thalamus in Idiopathic Epileptic Dogs and in Healthy Control Dogs

Mauri

Richter²,

Steffen³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the investigation of brain metabolites in epileptic syndromes in dogs has not been explored systematically to date. The aim of this study was to investigate metabolites in the thalamus in dogs affected by idiopathic epilepsy (IE) with and without antiepileptic drug treatment (AEDT) and to compare them to unaffected controls. Our hypothesis is that similar to humans with generalized epilepsy and loss of consciousness, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) would be reduced, and glutamate–glutamine (Glx) would be increased in treated and untreated IE in comparison with the control group. In this prospective case–control study, Border Collie (BC) and Greater Swiss Mountain dog (GSMD) were divided into three groups: (1) healthy controls, IE with generalized tonic–clonic seizures with (2) and without (3) AEDT. A total of 41 BC and GSMD were included using 3 Tesla single-voxel proton MRS of the thalamus (PRESS localization, shortest TE, TR = 2000 ms, NSA = 240). After exclusion of 11 dogs, 30 dogs (18 IE and 12 healthy controls) remained available for analysis. Metabolite concentrations were estimated with LCModel using creatine as reference and compared using Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. The Kruskal–Wallis test revealed significant differences in the NAA-to-creatine (p = 0.04) and Glx-to-creatine (p = 0.03) ratios between the three groups. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test further showed significant reduction in the NAA/creatine ratio in idiopathic epileptic dogs under AEDT compared to epileptic dogs without AEDT (p = 0.03) and compared to healthy controls (p = 0.03). In opposite to humans, Glx/creatine ratio was significantly reduced in dogs with IE under AEDT compared to epileptic dogs without AEDT (p = 0.03) and controls (p = 0.02). IE without AEDT and healthy controls did not show significant difference, neither in NAA/creatine (p = 0.60), nor in Glx-to-creatine (p = 0.55) ratio. In conclusion, MRS showed changes in dogs with IE and generalized seizures under AEDT, but not in those without AEDT. Based upon these results, MRS can be considered a useful advanced imaging technique for the evaluation of dogs with IE in the clinical and research settings.

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Clinical characteristics of Idiopathic Epilepsy in Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs in Switzerland

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Increased resting state connectivity in the anterior default mode network of idiopathic epileptic dogs

Increased resting state connectivity in the anterior default mode network of idiopathic epileptic dogs

Ketamine administration in idiopathic epileptic and healthy control dogs: Can we detect differences in brain metabolite response with spectroscopy?

Single-Voxel Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the Thalamus in Idiopathic Epileptic Dogs and in Healthy Control Dogs

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