Clinical characteristics of pregnant women with an allogeneic fetus

Abstract

The development of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) today allows many women to overcome biological barriers to motherhood. However, the use of such relatively new areas as oocyte donation and surrogacy, which result in the formation of an allogeneic fetus, is associated not only with legal but also with medical problems. Purpose - to analyze the clinical characteristics of pregnant women with an allogeneic fetus and pregnant women who were involved in ART programs with their own oocytes. Materials and methods. 120 pregnant women were examined, who were divided into the following groups: the Group I - 40 pregnant women who were involved in ART programs using foreign oocytes with the formation of an allogeneic fetus and whose management is planned to be carried out according to an improved algorithm; the Group II - 40 pregnant women who were involved in ART programs using foreign oocytes with the formation of an allogeneic fetus and whose management is planned to be carried out according to the generally accepted algorithm; the Group III - 40 pregnant women who underwent ART using the woman's own oocytes. The features of reproductive and somatic history, as well as social and demographic factors of the patient’s lives, were established. Results. Among pregnant women with an allogeneic fetus, a significantly higher proportion of women with pelvic inflammatory disease, bacterial vaginosis, cervical pathology, as well as patients with a history of surgical termination of pregnancy at the woman’s request were recorded. At the same time, the rates of registration of late menarche, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, early spontaneous abortions, as well as the following extragenital pathology: chronic arterial hypertension, diseases of the urinary system, and diabetes mellitus were significantly lower in patients of the Groups I and of the Groups II. The following social and demographic features of patients with an allogeneic fetus were noted: a smaller proportion of women with higher education, as well as those who live in their own home and are in a registered marriage compared to the control group. Conclusions. Registration of higher levels of a number of gynecological complications in pregnant women with an allogeneic fetus, as well as unfavorable social and demographic factors, requires the development of an improved management algorithm for such women, taking into account these features, which can help to reduce the rates of various obstetric and perinatal complications. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the author.