Clinical Chemistry and near Infrared Spectroscopy: Multicomponent Assay for Human Plasma and its Evaluation for the Determination of Blood Substrates

Abstract

A multicomponent assay for the blood substrates of total protein, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and urea in human EDTA-plasma by FT-IR spectroscopy is described. Transmission near infrared spectra of plasma were recorded using a 1 mm cell. Partial least-squares was applied for multivariate calibration taking into account optimising the spectral ranges of absorbance or logarithmised single beam spectra. The standard errors of prediction for the population of 124 plasma samples of different patients calculated by cross-validation are in the range of clinical acceptance for protein, cholesterol and triglycerides, whereas glucose assay performance is slightly above the recommended level. The relative standard error of prediction for urea is 12.7% based on the mean concentration of the population studied. Within an error variance analysis, the contributions of the reference method and the spectrometric measurement to the average (RMS) prediction error have been estimated for each substrate giving evidence of the spectrometric method limitations. The potential for further improvement is discussed.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy—Its Versatility in Analytical Chemistry

“…4·4·1 In vivo non-invasive measurement of blood glucose by near-infrared diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy NIR spectroscopy has been known to have a potential for realizing noninvasive blood glucose monitoring, and NIR noninvasive blood glucose assay has been investigated extensively for many years. [67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78] Robinson et al 71 and Muller et al 72 used a shorter wavelength NIR region, i.e. the region between 800 and 1300 nm (or 1350 nm for Muller et al 72 ) for finger DR spectra measurements.…”

“…Muller et al 72 obtained the cross-validated root mean standard error of prediction (RMSEP) from 1.02 mmol/l (18.4 mg/dl) to 1.88 mmol/l (33.8 mg/dl). Heise et al [73][74][75] carried out intensively the in vivo determination of glucose on a single diabetic using a glucose tolerance test, and that on a population of 133 different subjects. They measured the DR of NIR light at the oral mucosa.…”

Impact of contact pressure–induced spectral changes on soft-tissue classification in diffuse reflectance spectroscopy: problems and solutions

“…[10][11][12] In general, DRS spectra can be acquired in two ways, namely by point spectroscopy or by hyperspectral imaging. 13,14 Many practical applications utilize a spectrometer and a fiber-optic probe.…”

Multicomponent blood lipid analysis by means of near infrared spectroscopy, in geese

“…Instead, to develop calibrations, a real primary sample set with known clinicochemical values is needed. This methodology was utilized by Heise et al [8] reporting the successful assay of total protein, glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and urea in EDTA-treated human plasma, recommending the use of wide wavelength regions. Domján et al [9] and Turza et al [10] made important steps towards simplification of the sample application, namely authors analyzed also whole (anticoagulant treated) blood, Turza et al [10] even directly in sampling tubes instead of cuvettes.…”

“…From a physiological aspect it is worth mentioning that the NIR spectroscopy based estimations are not limited to chemically clearly defined molecules (e.g. glucose [10] or urea [7]), but it is also accurate for heterogeneous compounds, like total protein (albumin and globulins [8]), and for highly complex particles, like lipoproteins [9,11]. Petter et al [11] described NIR method useful as a potential alternative or even supplementary clinical method for the quick determination of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL in human serum.…”