Clinical diagnostic tools for vitamin D assessment

Shah, Iltaf; Akhtar, M. Kalim; Hisaindee, Soleiman; Rauf, Muhammad; Sadig, Mohammed Saad Aldin Yamani; Ashraf, S. Salman

doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.10.003

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Advances in liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) systems over recent years [11,[76][77][78][79], have led to reports of many new forms of vitamin D3 in human serum. Binding of vitamin D metabolites, particularly 25(OH)D, to DBP makes direct analysis of aqueous (serum) samples difficult [11].…”

Section: Liquid Chromatography Tandem-mass Spectrometry Of Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

The serum vitamin D metabolome: What we know and what is still to discover

Tuckey

Cheng

Slominski

2019

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

185

178

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Vitamin D, referring to the two forms, D2 from the diet and D3 primarily derived from phototransformation in the skin, is a prohormone important in human health. The most hormonally active form, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1α,25(OH)D), formed from vitamin D via 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), is not only important for regulating calcium metabolism, but has many pleiotropic effects including regulation of the immune system and has anti-cancer properties. The major circulating form of vitamin D is 25(OH)D and both D2 and D3 forms are routinely measured by LC/MS/MS to assess vitamin D status, due to their relatively long half-lives and much higher concentrations compared to 1α,25(OH)D. Inactivation of both 25(OH)D and 1α,25(OH)D is catalyzed by CYP24A1 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 3-epimerase. Initial products from these enzymes acting on 25(OH)D3 are 24R,25(OH)D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3, respectively, and both of these can also be measured routinely in some clinical laboratories to further document vitamin D status. With advances in LC/MS/MS and its increased availability, and with the help of studies with recombinant vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes, many other vitamin D metabolites have now been detected and in some cases quantitated, in human serum. CYP11A1 which catalyzes the first step in steroidogenesis, has been found to also act on vitamins D3 and D2 hydroxylating both at C20, but with some secondary metabolites produced by subsequent hydroxylations at other positions on the side chain. The major vitamin D3 metabolite, 20S-hydroxyvitamin D3 (20S(OH)D3), shows biological activity, often similar to 1α,25(OH)D3 but without calcemic effects. Using standards produced enzymatically by purified CYP11A1 and characterized by NMR, many of these new metabolites have been detected in human serum, with semi-quantitative measurement of 20S(OH)D3 indicating it is present at comparable concentrations to 24R,25(OH)D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3. Recently, vitamin D-related hydroxylumisterols derived from lumisterol3, a previtamin D3 photoproduct, have also been measured in human serum and displayed biological activity in initial in vitro studies. With the current extensive knowledge on the reactions and pathways of metabolism of vitamin D, especially those catalyzed by CYP24A1, CYP27A1, CYP27B1, CYP3A4 and CYP11A1, it is likely that many other of the resulting hydroxyvitamin D metabolites will be measured in human serum in the future, some contributing to a more detailed understanding of vitamin D status in health and disease.

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Section: Liquid Chromatography Tandem-mass Spectrometry Of Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

The serum vitamin D metabolome: What we know and what is still to discover

Tuckey

Cheng

Slominski

2019

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

185

178

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“…It is estimated that nearly 1 billion people are vitamin D deficient worldwide, either due to reduced sun exposure or insufficient dietary intake. Vitamin D deficiency is implicated in many diseases, but these associations lack clarity [ 1 , 2 ]. Studies on the role of vitamin D in health and disease have been hampered by the difficulty of the assays required, which, in turn, arises from the complex number of the vitamin D metabolites and issues in separating them for detection [ 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Non-Invasive Hair Test to Determine Vitamin D3 Levels

et al. 2021

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Vitamin D deficiency is being recognized as a global issue and has been implicated in many health issues. Hence, there is an increased interest in developing sensitive, reproducible, and non-invasive assays to measure Vitamin D levels. This study aimed to apply a sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric assay to hair samples to develop and validate a clinical assay to provide a quarterly average level of vitamin D in one test. Hair samples were collected from 70 male university students/young adults and pulverized/sonicated in methanol/water for 2 h to extract Vitamin D metabolites. A sensitive liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay was employed to quantitate vitamin D and metabolites. Of the eight Vitamin D and metabolites screened, only the primary, clinically significant form of vitamin D (25OHD3) was detected and quantified in hair samples in the range of 17–1541 pg/mg. One-third of the hair samples (21 out of 70) had Vitamin D levels below the LLOD of the assay (10 pg/mg). The mean and standard deviation values for hair (25OHD3) were 276.7 ± 329.9, respectively. This pilot study reveals the potential of the vitamin D hair test in clinical assays as a complementary test to a vitamin D blood test, which would provide a quarterly average.

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“…Assay methods contributed largely to the discrepancy among these studies. There are many ways to detect the serum vitamin D levels which have different sensitivities and specificities ( 49 ). Till now there is no single ideal technique to synthesize the strengths of different test methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Luo

Dutta

et al. 2018

Front. Neurol.

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Background: Vitamin D is an important secosteroid which is involved the development and regulation of brain activity. Several studies have focused on exploring the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and Parkinson's disease (PD), but the conclusion remains ambiguous.Methods: We searched observational studies that explored the association between serum vitamin D levels and PD based on PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library from inception through to January 2018. The quality of included studies was evaluated by using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Statistical analysis of this meta-analysis was performed by Stata version 12.0 and R software.Results: Twenty studies with a total of 2,866 PD patients and 2,734 controls were included. Compared with controls, PD patients had lower serum vitamin D levels (WMD −3.96, 95%CI −5.00, −2.92), especially in higher latitude regions (WMD −4.20, 95%CI −5.66, −2.75). Assay methods contributed significantly to high heterogeneity. Furthermore, PD patients with deficient vitamin D levels had advanced risk (OR 2.08, 95%CI 1.35, 3.19) than those patients with insufficient ones (OR = 1.73, 95%CI 1.48, 2.03). In addition, serum vitamin D levels were also related to the severity of PD (WMD −5.27, 95%CI −8.14, −2.39) and the summary correlation coefficient showed strongly negative correlation (r = −0.55, 95%CI −0.73, −0.29). Moreover, the pooled correlation coefficient revealed that serum vitamin D levels were also negatively correlated to the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS III) (r = −0.36, 95%CI −0.53, −0.16), but did not correlate with the duration of PD (P = 0.37) and age of patients (P = 0.49).Conclusion: Serum vitamin D levels are inversely associated with the risk and severity of PD. Our results provided an updated evidence of association between low vitamin D levels and PD and prompt the adjunctive therapeutic decisions about vitamin D replacement in PD.

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Clinical diagnostic tools for vitamin D assessment

Cited by 37 publications

References 90 publications

The serum vitamin D metabolome: What we know and what is still to discover

The serum vitamin D metabolome: What we know and what is still to discover

A Non-Invasive Hair Test to Determine Vitamin D3 Levels

Association Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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