Clinical efficacy and safety of statins in managing cardiovascular risk

Kapur, Navin K.; Musunuru, Kiran

doi:10.2147/vhrm.s1653

Cited by 119 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The results obtained from the study revealed that all the brands passed the general standard specifications for dissolution rate test for conventional release tablets. The difference in the result can be correlated to all factors which affect the dissolution rate from the raw material (purity) which can affect solubility, and all diluents which were used in the formulation of each brand [27][28][29][30] . The results obtained from the assessment of the percentage content of active ingredient in the four brands showed that all brands gave values within the specification which is average weight content between 95-105% of Simvastatin 31 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2016

IJPSR

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ABSTRACT:The availability of several brands of Simvastatin tablets in Libyan pharmacies today places health practitioners in a problem of generic substitution. The aim of the present study was the evaluation and comparison between four different Simvastatin brands, which are commercially available in the Libyan market produced by various pharmaceutical companies with different trade names. The physicochemical equivalence of four brands of Simvastatin tablets was investigated through the evaluation of both official and non-official standards according to the USP pharmacopoeia including uniformity of weight, thickness, hardness, disintegration time, drug content as well as dissolution rate. Acceptable external features as well as uniformity in diameter and thickness revealed for all the tablets. The entire brands complied with the official specifications for uniformity of weight where no tablet showed a deviation more than ±7.5%. Brand B had the highest crushing strength and highest disintegration time compared to the other brands. All the brands had values within the range specified for assay in the BP. The dissolution profiles showed that none of the brands had dissolution less than 75% within 30 minutes, dissolution efficiency at 30 minutes (DE30) more than 85%. All the four brands could be regarded as bioequivalent and therefore can be interchanged in the clinical practice. This sort of study is good indicator for the evaluation of the idealness of commercial products.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2016

IJPSR

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“…We did not consider treatment with nonstatin, lipid-lowering medications in our eligibility stratification as such individuals may still be candidates for additional statin therapy. 27 Subjects were deemed to be at the highest risk level if they had CHD or a CHD risk equivalent, which included diabetes, peripheral artery disease, symptomatic carotid artery disease, or abdominal aortic aneurysm. CHD was assessed through self-report of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, or angina pectoris.…”

Section: Ncep/atpiii-indicated Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Here to JUPITER

Spatz

Canavan

Desai

2009

Circ: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes

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Background— Guidelines for statin use currently focus on patients with elevated low-density lipoprotein levels. Recent findings from the Justification for the Use of Statins in Primary Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER), however, indicate that statin therapy to reduce cardiovascular risk is also effective among older persons with at-goal low-density lipoprotein but elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels. We estimate the size of and describe this new population for whom statin therapy may now be indicated based on JUPITER’s findings. Methods and Results— Using data from the 1999 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we estimate that 57.9% of older adults (men ≥50 years and women ≥60 years), or 33 547 000 (95% CI, 32 217 000 to 34 877 000) Americans, are currently taking a statin (24.4%) or indicated for statin therapy (33.5%). In addition, we estimate that 19.2%, or 11 144 000 (95% CI, 10 053 000 to 12 235 000), may become newly eligible for statin therapy. This includes 8 071 000 (13.9%; 95% CI, 7 173 000 to 8 969 000) with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ≥2 mg/L and low-density lipoprotein <130 mg/dL (ie, those meeting “strict” JUPITER criteria) and an additional 3 073 000 (5.3%; 95% CI, 2 404 000 to 3 743 000) with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ≥2 mg/L and low-density lipoprotein of 130 to 160 mg/dL for whom JUPITER’s findings might reasonably be extended. Thus, ≈80% of older persons may now have an indication for statin therapy. Compared with those who would continue to have no indication for statin therapy, the JUPITER group was more likely to be female, to be older, and to have obesity, hypertension, and the metabolic syndrome. Conclusions— JUPITER’s findings have the potential to impact treatment recommendations for ≈20% of middle-aged to elderly adults, thus increasing the proportion of this segment of the population with an indication for statin therapy to nearly 80%.

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“…Inhibiting LVH has emerged as a primary target for therapeutic approaches in preventing hypertension-induced end-organ damage [35]. Statins, hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, are widely prescribed cholesterol-lowering agents that decrease the incidence of myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke [26]. Simvastatin (SIM), a member of statins, has been recognised to have antioxidant effects and is an effective agent for preventing the development of cardiac hypertrophy (through an antioxidant mechanism) [51].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by simvastatin attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in rats

Ahmed

2017

Folia Morphol

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Background:The left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) occurs in response to Results: The results of the present study confirmed the ISO-induced myocardial lesions including significant increase of heart weight (HW), heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) ratio, LVH, interstitial myocardial fibrosis (increased collagen types I and III), inflammatory cellular infiltration, necrosis of cardiomyocytes, and increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and thioredoxin in cardiomyocytes. These changes were accompanied by significant increase in serum levels of troponin-T, creatine phosphokinase-MB (CPK-MB), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Co-administration of SIM to ISO-injected rats significantly reduced all these cardiac changes and serum biochemical markers in addition to marked depletion of iNOS and thioredoxin expression in cardiomyocytes. Conclusions: It is concluded that SIM co-administration attenuated ISO-induced cardiac lesions including LVH by inhibiting iNOS expression in cardiomyocytes. (Folia Morphol 2017; 76, 1: 15-27)

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Clinical efficacy and safety of statins in managing cardiovascular risk

Cited by 119 publications

References 76 publications

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From Here to JUPITER

Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by simvastatin attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in rats

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