Clinical Efficacy of Bone Reconstruction Surgery with Frozen Cortical Bone Allografts for Nonunion of Radial and Ulnar Fractures in Toy Breed Dogs

Abstract

Bone reconstruction with FCBA is effective in the treatment of radial and ulnar nonunion fractures associated with large bone defects, regardless of the infection status of the surgical site.

Application of autologous cortical bone grafts for femoral non‐union fractures in two dogs

“…(3) Traces of osteomyelitis have been confirmed from the histopathological images of the bone collected at the time of surgery. (4) In the authors’ previous study,10 meticillin‐resistant S aureus (MRSA) was detected in two of eight cases with infection. (5) Multiple surgical interventions increase the risk of infection.…”

“…Rejection of the donor graft is a disadvantage of allogeneic bone grafts. However, frozen cortical allografts are associated with advantages such as decreased antigenicity, the ability to maintain the structural strength of the transplanted bone and the large variety of available graft sizes 10 11. The use of fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF2) in fresh fracture models in dogs has been demonstrated to promote fracture healing 12.…”

Long‐term outcomes of atrophic/oligotrophic non‐unions in dogs and cats treated with autologous iliac corticocancellous bone graft and circular external skeletal fixation: 19 cases (2014‐2021)

“…This study demonstrates the feasibility of a novel technique for the treatment of atrophic/oligotrophic non‐unions of radius/ulna and tibia/fibula in dogs and cats. Surgical treatment in this cohort was successful in 94.7% of patients; this is comparable to that of previous studies and lies between the previously described 43% and 100% (Marshall et al ., 2022; Massie et al ., 2017; Munakata et al ., 2018). One study reported a 100% success rate using frozen cortical bone allografts in 15 dogs with radius and ulna non‐union (Munakata et al ., 2018).…”

“…Surgical treatment in this cohort was successful in 94.7% of patients; this is comparable to that of previous studies and lies between the previously described 43% and 100% (Marshall et al ., 2022; Massie et al ., 2017; Munakata et al ., 2018). One study reported a 100% success rate using frozen cortical bone allografts in 15 dogs with radius and ulna non‐union (Munakata et al ., 2018). In that study, it was necessary to perform a pancarpal arthrodesis in nine out of 15 patients (60%), due to the fact that the size of the bone fragments was too small for plate and screw placement.…”

“…Considering that the use of a cortical graft can cause the formation of a sequestrum, all patients with signs of infection were excluded from the procedure. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that bone healing can be achieved in infected non‐unions treated with cortical allograft provided that debridement of nonviable tissue, surgical site lavage, appropriate antibiotic therapy and proper fixation are ensured (Munakata et al ., 2018; Sinibaldi, 1989). In this series, patients did not develop postoperative infections, the grafts were incorporated into the bone callus, and no sequestra formation was seen.…”