Clinical, Electroencephalographic, and Pharmacokinetic Studies of a Water-soluble Benzodiazepine, Midazolam Maleate

Extra‐hepatic metabolism of midazolam.

“…The plasma concentrations of midazolam, ahydroxymidazolam and a-hydroxymidazolam glucuronide in patients 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 during the anhepatic period and following reperfusion are shown in Figure 1 (Mahon et al, 1977)), the kidney (which has been implicated in the metabolism of morphine (Moore etal., 1986)), and the lung (Heizman et al, 1983 (Brown et al, 1979;Dundee et al, 1980Dundee et al, , 1986Greenblatt et al, 1981 and. The duration of the anhepatic period is necessarily short and the calculated half-life may therefore represent a distribution rather than an elimination half-life. Caution in the application of these results to patients with severe liver failure is necessary.…”

Anaesthesia for ICU-based procedures: the advantages of and options available for inhalational anaesthesia

“…31 The usual induction dose of midazolam in pre-sedated patients is 0.05-0.15 mg/kg, which is reduced to less than 0.1 mg/kg when used in coinduction with synergistic drugs. 32,33 The emerging time after an induction bolus of midazolam is 15-20 minutes, and midazolam is only used for shorter, less invasive ICU-based procedures. Accumulation with repeated bolus administration or with continuous infusion prolongs arousal time.…”

A New Method for Quantification and Assessment of Epileptiform Activity in EEG with Special Reference to Focal Nocturnal Epileptiform Activity

“…It is seen in almost every healthy adult, and is usually connected to high arousal and mental activity (Niedermeyer, 2005). Beta activity is enhanced in some pathological conditions and in response to some drugs such as benzodiazepines (Brown et al, 1979) …”