Clinical, Epidemiological, and Laboratory Aspects of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infections

Palavecino, Elizabeth

doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-468-1_1

Cited by 52 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Resistance to methicillin in staphylococci is mediated by an altered penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a), which is encoded by the mecA gene and confers resistance to most of the current β-lactam antimicrobial agents [2]. The genetic plasticity of S. aureus has resulted in the emergence of methicillin resistance in different strains with varying degrees of antibiotic resistance and virulence patterns [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) first emerged as a nosocomial pathogen in the early 1960s and it continues to be a significant public health concern [1,2]. Resistance to methicillin in staphylococci is mediated by an altered penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a), which is encoded by the mecA gene and confers resistance to most of the current β-lactam antimicrobial agents [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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37 Isolation and screening of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from health care workers in Libyan hospitals

Ahmed

Elramalli²,

Amri³

et al. 2012

East Mediterr Health J

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This is the largest Libyan study to date to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among health care workers in Tripoli, Libya. A total of 569 doctors and nurses from 4 main hospitals were screened for MRSA with specimens collected from the anterior nares. Isolates from 109 of the 569 subjects (19%) were confirmed as MRSA by polymerase chain reaction assay; the majority (98/109) were from a general hospital. Antimicrobial resistance patterns tested by disk diffusion were as follows: erythromycin (74%), ciprofloxacin (77%), clindamycin (20%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (50%), quinuprisin/dalfopristin (19%), vancomycin (12%) and mupirocin (5%). Eighteen isolates exhibited macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance (MLSB): 6 were MLSBi and 12 were MLSBc. The results provide evidence that Libyan health care workers could serve as MRSA carriers and play a role in the dissemination of MRSA to the public and other workers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

37 Isolation and screening of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from health care workers in Libyan hospitals

Ahmed

Elramalli²,

Amri³

et al. 2012

East Mediterr Health J

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“…Community-acquired MRSA strains, which are more likely to have these virulence genes, are more commonly found in skin or soft-tissue infections than in bloodstream infections (8,11,15,16). Of the 15 isolates carrying tst in our study, 73% came from non-BSIs.…”

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confidence: 74%

Multiplex PCR-Ligation Detection Reaction Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Drug Resistance and Toxin Genes from Staphylococcus aureus , Enterococcus faecalis , and Enterococcus faecium

Granger¹,

Rundell²,

Pingle³

et al. 2010

J Clin Microbiol

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A multiplex PCR-ligation detection reaction (PCR-LDR) assay was developed for rapid detection of methicillin, tetracycline, and vancomycin resistance, as well as toxic shock toxin and Panton-Valentine leukocidin. The assay was tested on 470 positive blood culture bottles containing Staphylococcus aureus or enterococci. PCR-LDR exhibited a sensitivity and specificity of >98% for all components except tetracycline resistance, which had a sensitivity of 94.7%. Rapid and sensitive detection of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes could help guide therapy and appropriate infection control measures.Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of multiplex PCR-ligation detection reaction (PCR-LDR) assays to detect and identify a variety of clinically significant bacteria and flaviviruses (4,12,14). We have now developed a multiplex PCR-LDR assay to directly determine antibiotic resistance profiles, as well as the toxic shock syndrome (Tsst-1) and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) toxins, of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium present in positive blood culture bottles. Rapid identification of antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants could have a significant impact on reducing morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Methicillin and vancomycin resistance genes were included in the assay because of the clinical importance of vancomycinresistant enterococci (VRE), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and most recently vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) infections (5,15,18). Tetracycline resistance genes were included because of renewed interest in this group of antibiotics due to their activity against several biothreat agents and the increase in community-acquired MRSA (7,8,21,22).Positive blood cultures containing S. aureus, E. faecalis, and/or E. faecium were obtained from patients at Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital (WCMC-NYPH). Blood cultures were collected and incubated in a BacT/Alert system (bioMérieux, Durham, NC) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. When a blood culture was read as positive by the BacT/Alert, 100-l aliquots of the blood culture were transferred in quadruplicate to a 96-deepwell plate for subsequent extraction of DNA; negative controls containing only Tris-EDTA buffer were incorporated into each 96-well plate, and the plates were stored at Ϫ70°C. An additional 400 l of the positive blood culture was stored for retesting of any discordant results. Bacteria were identified using standard methods. Additional clinical isolates of S. aureus, E. faecalis, and E. faecium were collected from wound, urine, respiratory, or autopsy samples. These isolates were spiked into negative clinical blood culture bottles as described previously (12). The use of human clinical samples in this research has complied with all relevant federal guidelines and WCMC-NYPH institutional policies.Bacterial isolates previously shown by sequencing to contain the mecA, vanA, vanB, tetK, tetL, tetM, or lukS-lukF (PVL) gene(...

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“…2,3,4,5 Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a specific strain of the S. aureus bacterium, which is intrinsically resistant to methicillin and all β-lactams 6 . Resistance to methicillin in staphylococci is mediated by an altered penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a), which is encoded by the mecA gene and confers resistance to most of the current β-lactam antimicrobial agents 7 . Methicillin-resistant S.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of Chromogenic Medium for Early Detection of Nasal Carriage of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) in Healthcare Professionals

Verma¹

2017

jmscr

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Clinical, Epidemiological, and Laboratory Aspects of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infections

Cited by 52 publications

References 71 publications

37 Isolation and screening of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from health care workers in Libyan hospitals

37 Isolation and screening of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from health care workers in Libyan hospitals

Multiplex PCR-Ligation Detection Reaction Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Drug Resistance and Toxin Genes from Staphylococcus aureus , Enterococcus faecalis , and Enterococcus faecium

Utility of Chromogenic Medium for Early Detection of Nasal Carriage of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) in Healthcare Professionals

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