Clinical evaluation of olfaction

Cain, William S.; Gent, Janneane F.; Catalanotto, Frank A.; Goodspeed, Ronald B.

doi:10.1016/s0196-0709(83)80068-4

Cited by 219 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The stimuli were presented to the subject in transparent polyethylene squeeze bottles with pop-up spouts that were inserted into the subjects' nostrils. A two-alternative, forced-choice, ascending method was used to assess olfactory threshold, 10 as modified by Murphy et al 11 The subject was presented with two bottles, one containing the odorant and the other a blank. The spout of the bottle was inserted into the nostril of interest.…”

Section: Disease-specific Symptoms and Olfactory Functional Outcome Omentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sinonasal Disease and Olfactory Impairment in HIV Disease: Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and Outcome Measures

et al. 2000

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Objectives: To investigate the effects of ESS (ESS)on olfactory impairment, disease-specific symptoms, and general quality of well-being In HIV؉ patients with sinonasal disease. Study Design: Study 1: Nasal cytology, rhinomanometry, nasal examination including endoscopy, disease-specific sinonasal symptoms, olfactory threshold sensitivity, and odor identification testing were performed before and after ESS in HIV؉ patients with sinonasal complaints. Study 2: Quality of well-being was assessed before and after ESS in HIV؉ patients with sinonasal complaints and controls. Results: Significant olfactory sensitivity loss persisted for patients with chronic sinusitis after ESS, suggesting that the impairment in these patients may be due to viral disease rather than inflammation. Significant improvement in other disease-specific symptom scores (nasal obstruction, nasal congestion, headache, sinus pain, etc.) and results of the general quality of well-being assessment showed ESS to be beneficial in the extended health management of HIV illness. Conclusions: The current study indicated both olfactory dysfunction and subjective negative symptoms in HIV؉ patients with chronic sinusitis. Although olfactory dysfunction remained, ESS was successful in providing marked alleviation of symptomatology in HIV؉ patients with chronic sinusitis. The results support ESS as an appropriate treatment option for HIV؉ patients with chronic sinusitis.

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Section: Disease-specific Symptoms and Olfactory Functional Outcome Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients reported significant reduction in severity of nasal obstruction (t [10] ϭ 4.20, P Ͻ .0009), nasal congestion (t [10] ϭ 5.67, P Ͻ .0001), and nasal discharge (t [9] ϭ 5.79, P Ͻ .0002) after ESS (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sinonasal Disease and Olfactory Impairment in HIV Disease: Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and Outcome Measures

et al. 2000

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“…In order to minimize the mutual influences of the two chemical senses (see 13), nasal detection thresholds were measured in two groups of subjects: 1) a group with normal smell (normosmics) and 2) a group of previously diagnosed (see 14,15,16) When testing the anosmics, we found it necessary to prepare stimuli more concentrated than the mother solution. This held for all substances -except menthol, already at saturation -and additional steps were included until reaching the pure stimulus (100 %v/v).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thresholds for odor and nasal pungency

Cometto‐Muñiz

Cain

1990

Physiology & Behavior

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175

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Detection thresholds were measured repeatedly for 11 chemicals in normosmic and anosmic subjects. The stimuli comprised the first eight members of the series of naliphatic alcohols, phenyl ethyl alcohol, pyridine, and menthol. Results showed that anosmics could detect, via pungency, all but phenyl ethyl alcohol reliably. In the aliphatic series, both odor and pungency thresholds declined with chain length in a way that implied dependence of both in part on phase distribution in the mucosa. Odor thresholds, however, declined more rapidly than pungency thresholds: the ratio of anosmics threshold/normosmics threshold increased from 23 for methanol to 10,000 for 1-octanol. The outcome of a scaling experiment employing normosmic subjects indicated that, with the exception of methanol and ethanol, pungency arose when perceived intensity reached a narrowly tuned criterion level. When thresholds were expressed as percentages of saturated vapor -an index of thermodynamic activity -thereby accounting for differences in solubility and in phase distribution in the mucosa among the various stimuli, both odor and pungency thresholds depicted a striking constancy across stimuli.

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“…It was realistic to expect the threshold for the normosmics to fall below that of the anosmics and to reflect olfactory detection of these commonly employed odorants. This is so since anosmics are classified as such by their extremely impoverished olfactory ability -as measured by standard clinical tests, e.g., [13,15,16] -including measurements of nasal detection thresholds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal pungency, odor, and eye irritation thresholds for homologous acetates

Cometto‐Muñiz

Cain

1991

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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109

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We measured detection thresholds for nasal pungency (in anosmics), odor (in normosmics) and eye irritation employing a homologous series of acetates: methyl through octyl acetate, decyl and dodecyl acetate. All anosmics reliably detected the series up to heptyl acetate. Only the anosmics without smell since birth (congenital) reliably detected octyl acetate, and only one congenital anosmic detected decyl and dodecyl acetate. Anosmics who lost smell from head trauma proved to be selectively less sensitive. As expected, odor thresholds lay well below pungency thresholds. Eye irritation thresholds for selected acetates came close to nasal pungency thresholds. All three types of thresholds decreased logarithmically with carbon chain length, as previously seen with homologous alcohols and as seen in narcotic and toxic phenomena.Results imply that nasal pungency for these stimuli rests upon a physical -rather than chemical -interaction with susceptible mucosal structures. When expressed as thermodynamic activity, nasal pungency thresholds remain remarkably constant within and across the homologous series of acetates and alcohols.

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Clinical evaluation of olfaction

Cited by 219 publications

References 6 publications

Sinonasal Disease and Olfactory Impairment in HIV Disease: Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and Outcome Measures

Sinonasal Disease and Olfactory Impairment in HIV Disease: Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and Outcome Measures

Thresholds for odor and nasal pungency

Nasal pungency, odor, and eye irritation thresholds for homologous acetates

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