Clinical Evaluation of the Aqueous-Flow Test

deROETTH, Andrew; Knighton, Willis S.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1952.00920010153004

Cited by 28 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This may be consistent with, and explained by, a tendency towards increased outflow resistance with age, as has been found by Weekers, Watillon & de Rudder (1956), Becker (1958) and Boles-Carenini & Cambiaggi (1959); these findings were contradicted, however, by the findings of Grant (1951), de Roetth & Knighton (1952 and Spencer, Helmick & Scheie (1955). Among patients with open angle glaucoma, a small size of eyeball is associated with high ocular tension and a large eyeball with lower (though still increased) ocular tension (Leighton & Tomlinson 1972).…”

Section: Implications In Open Angle Glaucomasupporting

confidence: 85%

Changes in Axial Length and Other Dimensions of the Eyeball With Increasing Age

Leighton

Tomlinson

1972

Acta Ophthalmologica

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A significant reduction in axial length of the eyeball with increasing age was found when one essentially normal eye of each of 72 persons was studied (p < 0.01). In 53 of these subjects, the horizontal diameter of the cornea also became less with increasing age (p < 0.01). Lens thickness became greater and anterior chamber depth less (p < 0.001 each). “Against‐the‐rule”, rather than “with‐the‐rule” corneal astigmatism was found in old age (p < 0.001). It is suggested that such a reduction in size of cornea and of the whole eyeball with increasing age would contribute to the shallowness of the anterior chamber in old age and in angle‐closure glaucoma. A reduction in the total circumference of the trabecular meshwork available for the escape of aqueous and also a diminution in calibre of the scleral openings concerned in uveo‐scleral bulk flow would also result from a reduction in size of cornea and sclera.

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Section: Implications In Open Angle Glaucomasupporting

confidence: 85%

Changes in Axial Length and Other Dimensions of the Eyeball With Increasing Age

Leighton

Tomlinson

1972

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…[46][47][48][49][50] However, this has not been a universal finding, as several studies reporting tonographic outflow facility in humans did not find a significant relationship between age and outflow facility. [51][52][53] Two other studies reported trends suggesting lower outflow facility in older subjects, but did not reach statistical significance. 54,55 These apparently contradictory results may be a reflection of the inherent variability in tonography.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of Timolol on Aqueous Humor Outflow Facility in Healthy Human Eyes

Kazemi

McLaren

Trese

et al. 2019

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose: Hyposecretion of aqueous humor has been postulated to adversely affect trabecular meshwork health and outflow resistance. However, the effect of medications that reduce aqueous humor production on outflow facility in living human eyes is unclear. In this study we evaluated the effect of timolol, an aqueous humor flow suppressant, on outflow facility in healthy eyes.Design: Prospective, before-and-after study. Methods:In a multicenter study, 113 healthy participants over age 40 years were included. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in the sitting position by using a pneumatonometer and outflow facility was measured in the supine position by 2-minute pneumatonography. After one week of self-administering timolol 0.05% twice daily in each eye, both measurements were repeated.Results: Mean IOP decreased from 15.1 ± 3.0 mmHg at baseline to 12.4 ± 2.4 mmHg (P < 0.001) after one week of timolol use. Mean outflow facility decreased from 0.23 ± 0.08 μL/min/ mmHg at baseline to 0.18 ± 0.08 μL/min/mmHg (P < 0.001) after timolol. The change in outflow facility was negatively correlated with baseline outflow facility (r = −0.51, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Timolol reduces outflow facility in healthy human eyes, and this effect is greater in eyes with higher baseline outflow facility. This phenomenon may be related to reduced aqueous humor flow, but the precise mechanism remains to be determined.

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