Clinical Evaluation of Total Intravenous Anesthesia Using a Combination of Propofol and Medetomidine following Anesthesia Induction with Medetomidine, Guaifenesin and Propofol for Castration in Thoroughbred Horses

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Seven Thoroughbred horses were castrated under total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) using propofol and medetomidine. After premedication with medetomidine (5.0 g/kg, intravenously), anesthesia was induced with guaifenesin (100 mg/kg, intravenously) and propofol (3.0 mg/kg, intravenously) and maintained with constant rate infusions of medetomidine (0.05 g/kg/min) and propofol (0.1 mg/kg/min). Quality of induction was judged excellent to good. Three horses showed insufficient anesthesia and received additional anesthetic. Arterial blood pressure changed within an acceptable range in all horses. Decreases in respiratory rate and hypercapnia were observed in all horses. Three horses showed apnea within a short period of time. Recovery from anesthesia was calm and smooth in all horses. The TIVA-regimen used in this study provides clinically effective anesthesia for castration in horses. However, assisted ventilation should be considered to minimize respiratory depression.KEY WORDS: equine, propofol, total intravenous anesthesia.

Cardiopulmonary effects of dexmedetomidine and ketamine infusions with either propofol infusion or isoflurane for anesthesia in horses

“…, ; Oku et al. ). Ketamine is an effective anesthetic and analgesic agent in horses, but also requires to be given with other drugs such as alpha 2 ‐adrenergic agonists to reduce any adverse effects such as muscle rigidity and excitement (Mama et al.…”

“…Its use in larger animals as the sole anesthetic agent is limited by the low concentration of the available commercial formulation to deliver an appropriate infusion rate and by its lack of analgesic properties, resulting in unacceptable induction and anesthetic qualities (Mama et al 1995(Mama et al , 1996. Techniques have been developed to reduce the amount of propofol required, prevent physiological responses to surgery and yet still make use of the anesthetic and rapid recovery properties of propofol (Bettschart-Wolfensberger et al 2003, 2005aOku et al 2011). Ketamine is an effective anesthetic and analgesic agent in horses, but also requires to be given with other drugs such as alpha 2adrenergic agonists to reduce any adverse effects such as muscle rigidity and excitement (Mama et al 2005).…”

A Comparasion of Laboratory and Cardiopulmonary Effects of Desflurane, Detomidine and Medetomidine Anaesthetic Combinations in Horses

“…It was reported that desflurane causes vasodilation in subcutaneous tissues, changes in heart rate and respiration, and decreased body temperature [17,21]. The decrease in body temperature of the horses was usually dependent on skin thickness and ambient temperature 25].…”

Effects of xylazine-ketamine, xylazine-propofol and xylazine-ketamine-propofol administration on free radical generation and blood gases in sheep

“…Prassinos et al (2005) determined that the use of ketamine and propofol for the induction of anaesthesia in goats led to hypoxemia, which resulted from respiratory failure trigerred by the anaesthetics used. Oku et al (2011) indicated that, in horses, as a result of a decreased respiratory rate throughout propofol-medetomidine anaesthesia, the PaO 2 level decreased and the PaCO 2 level increased. Cullen and Reynoldson (1997) reported that propofol decreased PaO 2 levels and increased PaCO 2 levels, whilst Keegan et al (1993) observed that propofol did not cause any alteration in PaO 2 and PaCO 2 levels.…”

“…Research has been conducted in several species on the impact of various anaesthetic agents on the antioxidant system and blood gases (Kamiloglu et al, 2009;Mannarino et al, 2012;Oku et al, 2011). However, to the authors' knowledge, the impact of the combinations of xylazine with ketamine and propofol on the antioxidant status and blood gas levels has not been investigated before in sheep.…”