Clinical Experience With the Long-term Use of 1% Apraclonidine

Butler, Patrick; Mannschreck, Molly; Lin, Shan; Hwang, Ivan P.; Alvarado, Jorge A.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1995.01100030047020

Cited by 104 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Topical antiglaucomatous agents which are used in the long-term treatment of glaucoma can lead to some degeneration on the ocular surface [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]. In previous studies, topically applied β-blockers have been found to cause a decrease in lacrimation and abnormality in the mucin layer [5, 10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructural Effects of Topical Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists and an Alpha-Adrenergic Agonist on the Rabbit Cornea

Polat¹,

Özdemir

Soylu

et al. 1999

Ophthalmologica

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In the present study the effects of β-adrenergic antagonist and α-adrenergic agonist drugs on rabbit corneas were evaluated in vivo by using transmission electron microscopy. Twenty-four New Zealand albino rabbits were divided into six groups according to the drug applied. The rabbits to which only balanced salt solution (BSS) or BSS and benzalkonium chloride (BAC) were applied were taken as the control groups. The other four groups consisted of the rabbits to which Timoptic 0.5%, Betagan 0.5%, Betoptic 0.5% and Iopidine 1% were applied, respectively. All of drugs were instilled topically twice daily for 6 weeks. In the BSS group, all layers of the cornea were ultrastructurally normal. In the BSS and BAC group slight epithelial and endothelial changes were found. However, in the other groups, loss of microvilli, increase in glycogen particles, nuclear indentation, widening of the intercellular spaces and cytoplasmic vacuolization in epithelium were observed. No significant abnormality was found in the basal lamina, stroma and Descemet’s membrane. Slight ultrastructural changes were noted in the endothelium such as vacuolization due to dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and focal cytoplasmic lytic areas. The results of this study indicate that various ultrastructural changes occur in groups treated with antiglaucomatous drug and that topical treatment with timolol and apraclonidine for 6 weeks is more toxic to the rabbit cornea than levobunolol and betaxolol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also it has been detected that they are toxic to the corneal epithelium, cause a delay of epithelial regeneration and are hazardous to the endothelium [11, 12, 13]. It is known that apraclonidine has ocular side effects such as conjunctival blanching, mydriasis, foreign-body sensation and congestion [6, 14, 15]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural Effects of Topical Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists and an Alpha-Adrenergic Agonist on the Rabbit Cornea

Polat¹,

Özdemir

Soylu

et al. 1999

Ophthalmologica

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“…Although brimonidine is structurally related to clonidine and apraclonidine, the differences in the topical and systemic side effects were observed. Tachyphylaxis and ocular allergy have been reported with apraclonidine [23, 24]. Tachyphylaxis was not observed with brimonidine; the incidence of ocular allergy with brimonidine was reported to be less than with apraclonidine [10, 11, 12, 21, 22, 25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Short-Term Effect of Adding Brimonidine 0.2% to Timolol Treatment in Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma

Yüksel

Altıntaş²,

Karabaş³

et al. 1999

Ophthalmologica

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Brimonidine, a highly selective α₂-adrenoceptor agonist, was studied to determine its ocular hypotensive effect and side effects in patients with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) while on continuing therapy with timolol. This was a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study in 15 patients with primary open-angle or pseudoexfoliation glaucoma on therapy receiving timolol 0.5% twice daily, with IOP greater than or equal to 22 mm Hg in one eye. IOP measurements, blood pressure and pulse rate were assessed on 2 days at a baseline and 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h later. A single drop of brimonidine 0.2% or placebo was added to treatment with timolol. The reductions in IOP at all time intervals observed with brimonidine + timolol were significantly greater than those with timolol + placebo. The maximum mean net decrease in IOP was 19.23 ± 10.60% at 4 h. Statistically significant decreases in systemic blood pressure and pulse rate without clinical symptoms were observed in the group receiving brimonidine + timolol. This study suggests that a combination of brimonidine and timolol may have potential in the treatment of glaucoma. Further clinical trials with brimonidine are indicated to assess its further role as adjunctive agent.

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“…The long-term use of apraclonidine is limited due to the high incidence rate of ocular side effects, including allergic conjunctivitis (Butler et al 1995). For chronic use of α 2 -agonists to lower IOP, brimonidine has become the much more commonly used agent (Reynolds 2009); it is used as mono-or, more typically, adjunctive therapy (Marquis and Whitson 2005).…”

Section: Clinical Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic drugs in the treatment of canine and feline glaucoma – Part II: Medications that lower intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humour production

Maślanka

2014

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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One characteristic of the most common types of glaucoma is increased intraocular pressure (IOP), which has a damaging effect on optic nerve axons, leading to progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells. Therefore, ocular hypotensive drugs are the mainstay of pharmacological therapy for glaucoma. This review article, which is the second part of a two-part series, is dedicated to autonomic drugs which lower IOP by decreasing the aqueous humour production. These agents are subdivided into two groups: β-adrenergic antagonists and selective α 2 -adrenergic agonists. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge on the mechanism of action of these drugs and their effect on IOP in dogs and cats. Moreover, it discusses their possible undesirable side effects of these medications and presents the current ideas about their role and position in the medical management of glaucoma in small animals.

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Clinical Experience With the Long-term Use of 1% Apraclonidine

Cited by 104 publications

References 24 publications

Ultrastructural Effects of Topical Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists and an Alpha-Adrenergic Agonist on the Rabbit Cornea

Ultrastructural Effects of Topical Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists and an Alpha-Adrenergic Agonist on the Rabbit Cornea

The Short-Term Effect of Adding Brimonidine 0.2% to Timolol Treatment in Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma

Autonomic drugs in the treatment of canine and feline glaucoma – Part II: Medications that lower intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humour production

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