Clinical Features and Outcomes of Bacteremia Caused byEnterococcus casseliflavusandEnterococcus gallinarum:Analysis of 56 Cases

Abstract

The clinical significance and virulence potential of Enterococcus casseliflavus/flavescens and Enterococcus gallinarum are still uncertain. We retrospectively analyzed 56 cases of significant bacteremia caused by E. casseliflavus or E. gallinarum. Of these cases, 25 (44.6%) were associated with polymicrobial bacteremia, and 43 (76.8%) were associated with entry via the biliary tract. Resistance to vancomycin was observed in 17 (30.4%) of these 56 patients, and this resistance was significantly associated with E. gallinarum bacteremia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 10.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.41-46.27) and bacteremia without biliary tract origin (AOR, 6.74; 95% CI, 1.44-31.67). The crude mortality rate was 13%, and the bacteremia-related mortality rate was 1.9%. In conclusion, bacteremia due to E. casseliflavus and E. gallinarum is commonly associated with biliary tract disease and may be associated with a low risk of mortality.

Isolation and Identification of ATP-Secreting Bacteria from Mice and Humans

“…on May 9, 2018 by guest http://jcm.asm.org/ the bacteria, we analyzed the 16S rRNA sequences. The 16S rRNA analysis revealed that the ATP-secreting bacteria were Enterococcus gallinarum, which is a vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive coccus (2,4,11,13). This finding was further confirmed by PCR for vanC-1 (3,8), which is a vancomycinresistant gene in Enterococcus gallinarum.…”

“…In the present study, the following bacterial strains isolated from human feces, urine, and skin were used as the reference strains: 8 Enterococcus strains (3 Enterococcus faecalis and 3 Enterococcus faecium strains, which are the major enterococci found in humans [9], and 2 Enterococcus gallinarum strains [2,4,11,13]), 3 Escherichia coli strains, and 3 Staphylococcus aureus strains, which are the common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria found in humans. Three fecal samples (weighing 12.2 mg, 9.4 mg, and 9.1 mg, respectively; total weight, 30.7 mg) obtained from specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice (BALB/c; Charles River Japan, Tokyo, Japan) were resolved in 1 ml of physiological saline.…”

Endocarditis Due to Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococccus gallinarum</i> in a Patient with End-Stage Renal Failure: A Case Report

“…In our case E. gallinarum was isolated with the phenotype VanC, low level of vancomycin resistance, and teicoplanin sensitivity [2,11]. Moreover there was a high level of gentamicin resistance as well.…”

Enterococcal Bacteremia Caused byEnterococcus casseliflavus: A Case Report

“…Enterococcal bacteremia associated with E. faecalis and E. faecium is generally associated with a high mortality rate. Since 1989, there have been only 56 reported cases of E. casseliflavus bacteremia [1][2][3][4]. We report a similar case in a middle-aged Caucasian female who was currently undergoing chemotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.…”

“…They are frequently isolated from polymicrobial wound infections. Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are the most common isolates from human infection(s) [1]. These two isolates account for more than 90% of clinical isolates.…”