Clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical studies of histiocytic sarcoma in four-toed hedgehogs (<i>Atelerix albiventris</i>): A retrospective study

Abstract

Histiocytic sarcoma was investigated histopathologically and immunohistochemically in 17 four-toed hedgehogs ( Atelerix albiventris ), along with a review of their clinical data. Cases were histopathologically classified into two types: round-polygonal cell type (6 cases) and spindle cell type (11 cases). Round-polygonal cell type was found in visceral organs such as the spleen, lymph nodes, and more, and most cases of this type were consistent with disseminated histiocytic sarcoma. On the other hand, spindle cell type occurred mainly in skin, and almost all cases were consistent with localized histiocytic sarcoma. The prognosis of patients with round-polygonal cell type appeared worse than that of spindle cell type. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells of spindle cell type showed stronger reactivity against human leukocyte antigen-DR than round-polygonal cell type. Neoplastic cells of all cases showed strong reactivity against ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba-1) and various reactivities against cluster of differentiation (CD) 204. Regardless of morphological classification, most tumor cells were negative for CD163, suggesting that this marker is less effective for the diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma. The results of this study suggest that Iba-1 is the most effective marker for histiocytic sarcoma.

Disseminated histiocytic sarcoma in a degu (<i>Octodon degus</i>)

“…Histiocytic sarcoma has been reported in various mammalian, avian, and reptilian species [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 13 ]. The histological appearances of histiocytic sarcomas are variable and generally classified into two phenotypic subtypes: spindle cell type and round-polygonal cell type [ 1 , 8 ].…”

“…Histiocytic sarcoma has been reported in various mammalian, avian, and reptilian species [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 13 ]. The histological appearances of histiocytic sarcomas are variable and generally classified into two phenotypic subtypes: spindle cell type and round-polygonal cell type [ 1 , 8 ]. In hystricomorph rodents, histiocytic sarcoma has been reported in a chinchilla, but not in guinea pigs [ 2 ].…”

“…To differentiate histiocytic sarcoma from these tumors, immunohistochemical staining using histiocytic markers such as Iba-1, CD204, HLA-DR, and CD163 is helpful [ 9 , 10 ]. Similarly in exotic pet medicine, the immunohistochemical markers have been used to diagnose histiocytic sarcomas in four-toed hedgehogs, a chinchilla, a central bearded dragon [ 2 , 3 , 8 ]. Poorly differentiated sarcoma and anaplastic sarcoma with giant cells in degus were immunonegative for Iba-1 [ 12 ].…”

Clinical course and pathologic study of retrobulbar histiocytic sarcoma in a central bearded dragon (<i>Pogona vitticeps</i>)

“…Lymphoma is the most commonly reported hematopoietic tumor, but other hematopoietic neoplasms such as histiocytic disorders are less common than lymphoma [ 1 , 4 , 9 ]. Although histiocytic sarcoma is sometimes diagnosed in small mammals such as dogs and four-toed hedgehogs, it appears that it is very rare in reptiles [ 9 , 11 ]. Histiocytic sarcoma is a malignant neoplasm originating from histiocytes, which are interstitial dendritic cells or bone marrow macrophages in a broad sense [ 12 ].…”

Histological and immunohistochemical features of cutaneous mast cell tumor in six captive four-toed hedgehogs (<i>Atelerix albiventris</i>)

“…In the skin, the most commonly diagnosed tumors are soft tissue sarcoma and mammary gland tumors [10,16], round cell tumors have been occasionally reported. Case series of cutaneous histiocytic sarcoma have been reported [8,17], whereas sporadic case reports of cutaneous MCT cases have been reported [9,12,13]. Furthermore, histopathological diagnostic criteria for MCT have not been established, and immunohistochemical evaluation of KIT and mast cell tryptase expression in normal mast cells and MCT are lacking in hedgehogs.…”