“…Despite the favorable long-term outcome of STA-MCA anastomosis for moyamoya disease [4,5,6], increasing evidence suggests that cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome, as has been well described in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) [7,8,9], is a potential complication of EC-IC bypass, especially for moyamoya disease. Focal cerebral hyperperfusion was reported to cause transient neurological deterioration [3,10,11,12,13,14,15,16] or delayed intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) [17] during the acute stage after EC-IC bypass for moyamoya disease. Patients with moyamoya disease have a significantly higher risk for cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome than those with other occlusive cerebrovascular diseases based on routine postoperative cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements using N-isopropyl- p -[ 123 I]-iodoamphetamine single-photon emission computed tomography ( 123 I-IMP-SPECT) [18].…”