Although the present method does not directly monitor surface CBF, temperature rise around the anastomosis site during surgery might be an indicator of postoperative hyperperfusion. Prospective evaluation with a larger number of patients is necessary to validate this technique.

The proposed method will reveal the spiral wave dynamics in optical mapping images better than existing approaches. The objective analysis method of a spiral wave is important for understanding the mechanisms and dynamics of serious heart arrhythmias.

The Great East Japan Earthquake9.0-magnitude earthquake occurred off the northeast coast of Japan at 2:46 p.m. (local time) on Friday, 11 March 2011, with the epicenter approximately 70 km (43 mi) east of the Oshika Peninsula and the hypocenter at a depth of approximately 32 km (20 mi) below sea level [Figure 1(a)] [1]. The earthquake triggered powerful tsunami waves, which reached heights of up to 40.5 m (133 ft) in Miyako and traveled around 4 km (about 2.5 mi) inland in the Sendai area. As of 30 March 2012, a total of 18,897 people were either dead or missing.Tohoku University Hospital (TUH) is affiliated with the largest academic institute and serves as the largest teaching and referral hospital in the affected area, with 1,308 beds and 2,500 staff members. TUH also serves as one of three emergency centers in Sendai (population of over 1 million), equivalent to a level I trauma center in the United States, and it is one of 14 facilities designated as a disaster control hospital in Miyagi Prefecture (population approximately 2.3 million). TUH is located in central Sendai, about 10 km (6 mi) away from the seacoast [ Figure 1Within 15 min, a headquarters for disaster control was established at TUH following the end of the strong shaking caused by the earthquake (Figure 2). Identification of damage to facilities and casualties began, outpatient clinics were closed, and a triage post was set up to manage the large number of expected injuries. Event chronologies were recorded in two divisions of TUH, and these recordings continued until 15 April. These chronologies served as important methods to share information under the heavy restrictions of telecommunications ( Figure 3) [2]- [4].Business continuity plans are essential for being prepared to deal with unexpected events, to mitigate and minimize damage, and to maintain the functions of a disaster control hospital. Many unexpected events occurred during this disaster [5]. Meticulous analysis of the recorded chronologies using a multidisciplinary approach has provided many lessons to address such problems in the future.This study analyzes the chronologies of the first 72 h after the onset of the disaster, during which time mismatches occurred between numerous needs (limitations on saving lives significantly decreases after 72 h, accelerating requests for medical attention, and the need to establish temporary organization); losses and damage caused total or near-total dysfunction of various infrastructures, including electricity, gas, water, telecommunications, and transportation; and difficulties occurred in integrating and dispersing the correct information. The issues related to events, damage, resources, and unexpected events have been separately analyzed to facilitate the identification of critical functions of a disaster control hospital.

Results suggest that satellite mobile phones and MCA wireless systems are relatively reliable and ordinary systems are less reliable in the acute period of a major disaster. It is important to distribute reliable disaster communication equipment to hospitals and plan for situations in which hospital telecommunications systems do not function.

The LILJ system can achieve safe and optimal removal with functional preservation of optic nerves, probably because of the high resistance of the arachnoidal sheath and fine vascular tissue.