Clinical Implications of Vancomycin Heteroresistant and Intermediately Susceptible <i><scp>S</scp>taphylococcus aureus</i>

Gomes, Diane M.; Ward, Kristina E.; LaPlante, Kerry L.

doi:10.1002/phar.1577

Cited by 52 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(255 reference statements)

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“…The highest rate of daptomycin nonsusceptibility was reported in a study evaluating 47 isolates of hVISA/VISA. In this study, the percentage of daptomycin nonsusceptible isolates was 15% for hVISA and 38% for VISA [35,46]. Additionally, daptomycin has been shown to have in vitro activity against VRSA isolates.…”

Section: Daptomycinmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…The true prevalence of hVISA is unknown, and estimates vary widely due to nonstandardized detection methods or absence of routine hVISA screening, variation in interpretation, clinical seting, geographical region, and difering patient populations [35]. Global hVISA rates among MRSA isolates have been reported to range from 0 to 73.7% [36].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commonly reported associations with hVISA/VISA infections include vancomycin treatment failure and high-inoculum infections such as bacteremia, endocarditis, deep abscesses, osteomyelitis, and prosthetic device infections [2,21,35,36]. Some authors consider that hVISA/VISA could be responsible for treatment failure, whereas others have suggested that it has arisen as a consequence of treatment failure and prolonged vancomycin exposures [39].…”

Section: Clinical Signiicance Of Hvisa/visa and Vrsamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glycopeptide Resistance in S. aureus

Mirza¹

2017

The Rise of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance in ≪i>Staphylococcus Aureus

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The glycopeptides (particularly vancomycin) have been the recommended therapy for serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. The increased incidence of MRSA has led to the frequent use of vancomycin. Unfortunately, with the increased use of vancomycin, isolates of S. aureus have been discovered with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. Several studies suggest that reduced vancomycin susceptibility is associated with vancomycin treatment failure. Various forms of glycopeptide resistance have appeared in MRSA strains, including high-level resistance, homogeneous and heterogeneous intermediate resistance. While vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) strains are limited to a handful of reported cases and vancomycinintermediate S. aureus (VISA) strains remain rare; heterogeneous VISA (hVISA) strains are more common. This article summarizes the current knowledge regarding the history, deinition, mechanisms, detection methods, epidemiology and clinical signiicance of 'glycopeptide resistance in S. aureus' and discusses therapeutic optıons for the treatment of hVISA/VISA infections.

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Section: Daptomycinmentioning
confidence: 55%

Section: Epidemiologymentioning
confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Signiicance Of Hvisa/visa and Vrsamentioning
confidence: 99%

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Glycopeptide Resistance in S. aureus
Mirza¹
2017
The Rise of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance in ≪i>Staphylococcus Aureus
2
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The glycopeptides (particularly vancomycin) have been the recommended therapy for serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. The increased incidence of MRSA has led to the frequent use of vancomycin. Unfortunately, with the increased use of vancomycin, isolates of S. aureus have been discovered with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. Several studies suggest that reduced vancomycin susceptibility is associated with vancomycin treatment failure. Various forms of glycopeptide resistance have appeared in MRSA strains, including high-level resistance, homogeneous and heterogeneous intermediate resistance. While vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) strains are limited to a handful of reported cases and vancomycinintermediate S. aureus (VISA) strains remain rare; heterogeneous VISA (hVISA) strains are more common. This article summarizes the current knowledge regarding the history, deinition, mechanisms, detection methods, epidemiology and clinical signiicance of 'glycopeptide resistance in S. aureus' and discusses therapeutic optıons for the treatment of hVISA/VISA infections.
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“…Patients with hVISA and VISA infections have a longer duration of hospital stay, recurrent infections, longer treatment regime and while in hVISA the response to vancomycin is suboptimal, vancomycin therapy fails in cases of VISA infections [53].…”

Section: Clinical Significance Of Hvisa Visa and Vrsamentioning
confidence: 99%

Vancomycin Intermediate and Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus – Mechanisms, Clinical Significance and Detection
Kumari
¹
,
Shenoy
²
,
Hegde
³

et al. 2017
Asian J Pharm Clin Res
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Vancomycin is used as the antibiotic of choice for severe infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Increased use of vancomycin and the selective pressure has resulted in the emergence of S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus. This review summarizes the definition, mechanism, clinical significance, and epidemiology of S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. It also discusses laboratory methods for detection and treatment options available for these pathogens.

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“…Community-associated MRSA strains differ from nosocomial ones by genotype and phenotype and have a special IV type of Staphylococcus chromosome cassette that is normally resistant to β-lactam antibiotics but more sensitive to fluoroquinolones and clindamycin. In addition, community-associated MRSA strains differ by high virulence, caused by synthesis of exotoxins, and, primarily, PantonValentine leucocidin (Gomes et al, 2015;Bakthavatchalam et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%

Monitoring of multiresistant community-associated MRSA strains from patients with pathological processes of different localization
Sklyar
¹
,
Lavrentievа
²
,
Gavrilyuk
³

et al. 2018
Regul. Mech. Biosyst.
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The therapy of infections, caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with multiple resistance to antibiotics remains one of the most acute problems all over the world. It is all the more complicated since a priori the MSRA strains are not sensitive to the group of β-lactam antibiotics and multiresistant isolates are resistant to other groups of antimicrobial preparations, including antibiotics of choice (rifampicin, vancomycin, fusidic acid, co-trimoxazole and linezolid). From the samples of biomaterials of patients with pathological processes of different localization, we isolated 335 strains of bacteria, which were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, 169 (50.4%) of which were methicillin-resistant variants: 57.5% cultures were isolated from the nasal discharge; 50.7% -from faeces at intestinal dysbioses; by 40.0% -from conjunctival discharge, pharyngeal swab, outer ear swab and sputum; 33.3% -from urine samples. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated cultures was estimated by the disc-diffusion method and the method of serial dilution. The MRSA strains appeared to be most resistant to gentamycin, erythromycin (by 59.5% of cultures) and ciprofloxacin (53.3% of isolates), most sensitive -to vancomycin, co-trimoxazole and fusidic acid. The frequency of isolation of the cultures that are resistant to antibiotics did not exceed 4.1%. Rifampicin suppressed the growth of 75.8% and linezolid -of 100.0% of strains. Depending on the kind of biomaterial taken, MRSA strains, isolated from the nasal cavity, outer ear, urine samples, samples of sputum and faeces at intestinal dysbioses proved to be most resistant to the tested antimicrobial preparations. Rifampicin-and vancomycin-resistant strains of methicillin-resistant staphylococci made up 21.3% of the total number of the detected MRSA. They were most often isolated from the clinical samples taken from the nasal cavity and faeces. When determining minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of rifampicin and vancomycin, which are antibiotics of choice for treatment of infections caused by multiresistant MRSA, it was found that for 55.5% of the MRSA strains isolated from faeces, MIC of rifampicin coincided with the threshold value for this antibiotic and for 44.5%, it exceeded the threshold value by 2 times (4 µg/ml). 22.2% of them were characterized by the critical value of susceptibility to vancomycin (MIC ≥ 2 µg/ml). From rifampicin-and vancomycin-resistant MRSA stains, isolated from the nasal cavity, MIC of rifampicin coincided with the threshold value for this antibiotic for 66.7% of cultures, and exceeded it at least by 2 times for 33.3%. 11.1% of them were characterized by the critical level of susceptibility to vancomycin (MIC ≥ 2 µg/ml) and by 3.7% of strains exceeded MIC by 2 and 4 times respectively (4 and 8 µg/ml).

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Clinical Implications of Vancomycin Heteroresistant and Intermediately Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 52 publications

References 69 publications

Glycopeptide Resistance in S. aureus

Glycopeptide Resistance in S. aureus

Vancomycin Intermediate and Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus – Mechanisms, Clinical Significance and Detection

Monitoring of multiresistant community-associated MRSA strains from patients with pathological processes of different localization

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