Clinical Importance of Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Cancer

Nishikawa, Jun; Iizasa, Hisashi; Yoshiyama, Hironori; Shimokuri, Kanami; Kobayashi, Yuki; Sasaki, Sho; Nakamura, Munetaka; Yanai, Hideo; Sakai, Kohei; Suehiro, Yutaka; Yamasaki, Takahiro; Sakaida, Isao

doi:10.3390/cancers10060167

Cited by 74 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…1,17,18 Arikawa et al and Nishikawa et al reported that EBVGC is derived from chronically inflamed gastric mucosa resulting from Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. 19,20 Characteristics and typical endoscopic images of EBVGC are shown in Table 1 and in Figure 2, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical impact of Epstein‐Barr virus status on the incidence of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer

Osumi

Kawachi

Yoshio

et al. 2020

Digestive Endoscopy

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Epstein‐Barr virus‐positive gastric cancer (EBVGC) comprises approximately 9% of all gastric cancers and is associated with a low prevalence of lymph node metastasis (LNM). Given that limited data concerning LNM in EBV‐related early GC are available, EBV status is not considered an indicator for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). In this review, we focused on pT1 EBVGC and on gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (GCLS), and discuss expanded ESD indications and curative resection criteria. In pT1b EBVGC, the incidence of LNM was low (6/180 patients, 3.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–7.1), especially in lymphovascular invasion‐negative EBVGC (1/109 patients, 0.9%). No patients with pT1a EBVGC had LNM (0/38 patients, 0%; 95% CI 0–7.6), even those who did not meet the current curative ESD criteria. Although the frequency of LNM in GCLS was low (5.0–10.6%), the incidence of LNM in non‐EBV GCLS was relatively high (10.0–20.0%); therefore, EBV status can be considered a more important factor than GCLS. In summary, the clinicopathological characteristics of EBVGC differ from those of conventional GC, and EBV negativity is a risk factor for LNM in early GC. Therefore, patients in this group are likely to be promising candidates for ESD, and we recommend that EBV status evaluation be included in early GC treatment guidelines.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical impact of Epstein‐Barr virus status on the incidence of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer

Osumi

Kawachi

Yoshio

et al. 2020

Digestive Endoscopy

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“…Furthermore, the causal association between the infection with Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and GC has been well documented, and it is now considered that about 10% of cases of GC are due to this viral infection [29]. EBV is known for its oncogenic properties related to its interference with cell cycle, and has been causally associated with several other cancers.…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastric Cancer: Where Are We Heading?

Petryszyn

Chapelle

Matysiak‐Budnik

2020

Dig Dis

143

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Background: Despite its decreasing incidence, gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the leading cancers in the world and an important global healthcare problem due to its overall high prevalence and high mortality rate. Summary: GC is a consequence of Helicobacter pylori infection in 90% of cases, while in 10% Epstein Barr Virus may be responsible. Moreover, some recent epidemiological data suggest an increasing incidence in some young patients groups possibly due to autoimmunity, and if this tendency is confirmed, it may change the epidemiology of GC in the future. The pathogenesis of GC is mainly related to H. pylori infection, but recent data indicate the possible role of other bacteria and their metabolites, like N-nitrosocompounds or acetaldehyde, interfering during the last steps of carcinogenesis. The new molecular classifications of GCs show a great heterogeneity of this neoplasia, which may in the future help to define personalized treatment strategies for the patients. Early detection and proper surveillance of high risk patients should be our major objectives. Key Messages: GC is still an important healthcare problem, with its several aspects which remain the major challenges for the future. EpidemiologyIs part of the special issue "50th Anniversary of the EAGEN. Successes and Failures in Gastroenterology during the past 50 years with an Outlook to the Future".

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“…Profiling of these mediators of immune response may enable non‐invasive diagnosis of EBV status when tumor tissue is unavailable. Immune checkpoint blockade has transformed the treatment paradigms for many cancers and is a promising new treatment option for EBV‐positive GC . Few studies in patients with advanced or recurrent GC have reported a benefit from immunotherapy, and clinical trials evaluating the impact of checkpoint inhibitors in patients with EBV‐positive tumors are underway.…”

Section: Microbial Agents In Gastric Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Gastric malignancies: Basic aspects

2019

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Gastric cancer is the third deadliest cancer in the world, and the absolute number of cases is increasing every year due to aging and growing of high‐risk populations. This disease is a consequence of the complex interaction of microbial agents, with environmental and host factors, resulting in the dysregulation of multiple oncogenic and tumor‐suppressing signaling pathways. Despite the advances in our understanding of carcinogenesis, there are still reduced therapeutic options for patients with gastric cancer. In recent years, genomic analyses of gastric tumors have emphasized their molecular heterogeneity. The distinction of gastric cancer molecular subtypes may be a key to identify novel therapeutic targets, to predict patient outcome and response to therapy, and to guide early diagnosis strategies. In this review, we summarize the most recent updates on the relationship between microbial agents and gastric cancer, in particular, Helicobacter pylori, the non‐H pylori microbiome, and Epstein‐Barr virus. We also highlight the main advances made in the past year regarding the molecular characterization of gastric cancer, especially the signatures with potential clinical utility.

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Clinical Importance of Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Cancer

Cited by 74 publications

References 89 publications

Clinical impact of Epstein‐Barr virus status on the incidence of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer

Clinical impact of Epstein‐Barr virus status on the incidence of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer

Gastric Cancer: Where Are We Heading?

Review: Gastric malignancies: Basic aspects

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