The aging population, with its complex medical problems, presents an ever increasing demand for health care. This multifaceted challenge involves a burgeoning, diverse older adult population requiring specialized nursing care. For this significant population, the uncertainty of the United States (US) health care system poses additional risk of poor patient outcomes [1]. Future projections point toward the supply of geriatric nursing not meeting the demands of this growing population [2]. Geriatric nurses make up less than 1 percent of the current registered nurse workforce [3].A challenge among today's nurse educators is promoting student interest in the field of gerontology. Providing a dynamic, engaging, didactic experience in the classroom is vital to stimulate a vested interest for students caring for the older adult population. Due to a pervasive negative, societal attitude towards the elderly, nursing students do not often consider geriatric nursing as a career path [4]. Studies indicate an overall lack of interest from nursing students to specialize in the care of older adults [4,5]. Ageist views of the older adult population remain a prevalent issue in today's American society [6]. Thus, students may devalue the older adult and show a reluctance to master the core geriatric concepts that are increasingly important as this population continues to grow and impact health care systems [7]. The purpose of this literature review seeks to identify innovative teaching strategies that engage undergraduate nursing students in a gerontology nursing course and promote positive attitudes toward caring for the older adult population.
Methods
Search strategyAn electronic literature search examining peer-reviewed journal articles between 2010 and 2015 was conducted. The databases CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, EBSCOhost, PsychINFO, Scopus, and Science Direct were broadly scanned prior to an advanced, refined search using Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) keywords: "student nurse, " "older adult, " "elderly, " "old, " "geriatric, " "negative attitude, " and "ageism". Boolean operators combined terms to narrow the subject matter to more focused areas.
Inclusion criteriaAll journal articles were peer-reviewed, original research available in English. The journal articles were to describe student nurse attitudes toward older adults, which included ageist, or stereotypical perceptions related to aging. All journal articles published between 2010 and 2015 within the United States and Canada were included.
Exclusion criteriaTwo journal articles related to ethnic characteristics of student nurses influencing attitude toward older adults were deemed not applicable to the study question. Articles that focused on registered nurses or other health care provider attitudes or perceptions related to caring for the elderly were also excluded.
Search outcomes and quality appraisalDatabase search combinations yielded a total of twenty-six appropriate journal articles. Quality was ensured by examination of study rigor and merit in relation to study...