Clinical Interviews: Empirical Overview and Procedural Recommendations

McNeil, Daniel W.; Quentin, Laura L.

doi:10.1002/9781118653920.ch13

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…While our results suggested a meaningful genetic component of DFA, and we nominate some specific loci for follow-up, our study did not address whether genetics alone can lead to high DFA scores or what environmental exposures influence DFA and how they may interact with genetics. As a complex trait, there are many factors contributing to the etiology of DFA besides genetics, such as learning via direct experiences (e.g., classical conditioning, respondent conditioning) and social learning, sex and gender, age, and cultural factors (McNeil and Randall 2014). Moreover, DFA can change over time (Thomson et al 2009), highlighting the importance of environmental influences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) is a prevalent problem that affects dental treatment–seeking behavior and diminishes oral health and quality of life (McNeil and Randall 2014). Approximately 45% of American adults report at least moderate levels of dental fear, with 5% to 10% reporting that they avoid dental care as a result.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 45% of American adults report at least moderate levels of dental fear, with 5% to 10% reporting that they avoid dental care as a result. Both fear and anxiety are involved in distress about dental treatment and have extreme manifestations in phobia (McNeil and Randall 2014) (see Appendix for further information). Like other fears and anxieties, DFA is characterized by behavioral, cognitive, and physiological manifestations of distress (McNeil and Randall 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both fear and anxiety are involved in distress about dental treatment and have extreme manifestations in phobia (McNeil and Randall 2014) (see Appendix for further information). Like other fears and anxieties, DFA is characterized by behavioral, cognitive, and physiological manifestations of distress (McNeil and Randall 2014). Fear of pain has been demonstrated to be a major component of DFA (McNeil and Berryman 1989; Randall, Shaffer, et al 2017) and is partially genetically determined (Ray et al 2010; Randall, Wright, et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome-wide Scan of Dental Fear and Anxiety Nominates Novel Genes

et al. 2022

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Dental care–related fear and anxiety (DFA) is prevalent, affects oral health care utilization, and is related to poor oral health and decreased quality of life. In addition to learned and cultural factors, genetics is hypothesized to contribute to DFA. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide association study to identify genetic variants contributing to DFA. Adult and adolescent participants were from 4 cohorts (3 from the US-based Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, n = 1,144, 1,164, and 535, and the UK-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children [ALSPAC], n = 2,078). Two self-report instruments were used to assess DFA: the Dental Fear Survey (US cohorts) and Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale (ALSPAC). Genome-wide scans were performed for the DFA total scores and subscale scores (avoidance, physiological arousal, fear of dental treatment–specific stimuli), adjusting for age, sex, educational attainment, recruitment site, and genetic ancestry. Results across cohorts were combined using meta-analysis. Heritability estimates for DFA total and subscale scores were similar across cohorts and ranged from 23% to 59%. The meta-analysis revealed 3 significant ( P < 5E-8) associations between genetic loci and 2 DFA subscales: physiological arousal and avoidance. Nearby genes included NTSR1 ( P = 3.05E-8), DMRTA1 ( P = 4.40E-8), and FAM84A ( P = 7.72E-9). Of these, NTSR1, which was associated with the avoidance subscale, mediates neurotensin function, and its deficiency may lead to altered fear memory in mice. Gene enrichment analyses indicated that loci associated with the DFA total score and physiological arousal subscale score were enriched for genes associated with severe and persistent mental health (e.g., schizophrenia) and neurocognitive (e.g., autism) disorders. Heritability analysis indicated that DFA is partly explained by genetic factors, and our association results suggested shared genetic underpinnings with other psychological conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome-wide Scan of Dental Fear and Anxiety Nominates Novel Genes

et al. 2022

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“…Within the context of the present paper, there are two primary reasons to expect that patients' vocal tendencies, during diagnostic interviews in particular, may be especially strongly and uniquely tied to social anxiety symptoms. First, on an experiential level, diagnostic interviews are particularly stressful and fearinducing for (and consequently, symptomologically relevant for) patients who qualify for a diagnosis of SAD, given the inherently social nature of the interview process with an unfamiliar individual (e.g., see McNeil and Quentin 2014). Ergo, it is reasonable to expect that stress and fear-induced vocal indicators of SAD would be detectable in audio recordings of diagnostic interviews.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“Speaking More than Words”: Classifying Men with Social Anxiety Disorder via Vocal Acoustic Analyses of Diagnostic Interviews

Weeks

Srivastav

Howell

et al. 2015

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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The relationship between vocal pitch and social anxiety has been examined with encouraging results across a growing number of studies, highlighting increased fundamental frequency (F0) as a potential disorder-specific physiological marker of social anxiety. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between mean F0 emitted during diagnostic interviews and social anxiety disorder (SAD) symptoms. Patients who qualified for a diagnosis of SAD (n=26) and a subsample of demographically-matched healthy controls (HCs; n=12) were administered clinical diagnostic interviews. We examined mean F0 emitted during select segments of the diagnostic interviews utilizing specialized vocal analysis equipment. Men (but not women) who qualified for a diagnosis of SAD emitted greater overall mean F0 in comparison to HCs throughout the course of the diagnostic interviews, and mean F0 emitted during the introductory segment of the diagnostic interviews was positively related to SAD symptoms for men (but not women). Furthermore, a previously-established threshold of mean F0 which demonstrated excellent differentiation between men with SAD and controls was successfully replicated in the present design, with regard to F0 emitted during the introductory segment of the interviews. These results provide strong additional support for increased F0 as a physiological indicator and behavioral marker of SAD in samples of men. Implications for the assessment and treatment of SAD are discussed.

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