Clinical Medicine: Endocrinology and Diabetes: Abnormality of Serum Lipids are Independently Associated with Increased Serum Calcium Level in the Adult Newfoundland Population

Abstract

Some epidemiological evidence shows a link between abnormality of lipid profiles and variations in serum calcium. However, it is unknown whether this association resulted from confounding factors. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between serum lipids and calcium. Serum calcium was corrected for albumin. Major confounding factors including age, gender, medications, menopause, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25-OH-vitamin D status were controlled in analyses. A total of 1907 adult subjects from the province of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), Canada participated in the study. Significant positive correlations were detected between serum total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) with variations of serum Ca++ in both genders (p < 0.05–0.0001). Significant positive correlations were additionally detected between triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) with Ca++ in women only (p < 0.0001) in partial correlation analyses. Similar significant results were detected in both females and males not taking any medication. Analyses were performed based on menopausal status as well. Significant correlations were seen in both pre- and post-menopausal women but higher correlation coefficients were observed in pre-menopausal women as compared to post-menopausal women. Subjects with low calcium levels had the lowest concentration of total cholesterol, TG, HDL-c and LDL-c, while subjects with high calcium levels had the highest concentration of all four markers in women. The significant associations between cholesterol, TG and LDL-c and serum Ca++ remained after calcium was adjusted for 25-OH-vitamin D and PTH. Our results indicate that the abnormality of serum lipid profiles are significantly correlated with altered serum Ca++ levels independent of age, obesity status, medication, phosphorus, magnesium, 25-OH-vitamin D and PTH.

Increased Serum Calcium Levels and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Individuals at High Cardiovascular Risk

“…We also found significantly higher levels of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol in higher tertiles of serum calcium, as has been previously described in other populations (33)(34)(35)(36). Whether these results could be explained through high parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels (37) cannot be assessed because of lack of information regarding PTH levels in our study.…”

Relationship Between Gender, Age, and Weight and the Serum Ionized Calcium Variations in Dog Periodontal Disease Evolution

“…No studies are available in the literature concerning variations in iCa 2+ levels during different PD stages in dogs. Unlike in humans, where gender-based variations in iCa 2+ levels have been observed [59,60], the distribution of iCa 2+ levels was similar in both genders in our study, with no statistically significant differences observed (p = 0.26). As age increases, iCa 2+ values decrease [61] (Fig.…”

Serum calcium level is associated with lipids in young Nigerian women using low-dose oral contraceptive pills

“…The proposed mechanisms by which total calcium affects lipid metabolism are that calcium interferes with lipid absorption in the gut since it can bound to fatty acids and bile salts hydrolase. [15] While HDL-c increasing effect of calcium may be through a reduction in the activity of plasma cholesteryl ester transport protein (CETP). [25] We observed a significant association between measured lipoproteins except HDL-c and serum total calcium in OCP users.…”

“…This active form of vitamin D regulates serum calcium levels by increasing calcium absorption from diet in the intestine and tubular re-absorption of calcium in the kidney. [15,25] A large Swedish health screening survey reported that changes in calcium metabolism, even within the physiological range, were related to increased blood pressure, impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidaemia. [44] The increased serum total calcium levels in some subjects on low-dose OCP may be due to increased intestinal absorption, renal absorption, increased skeletal resorption or a combination of these factors since these activities are mediated by parathyroid hormone (PTH).…”

“…[9,10] Serum calcium plays an important pathophysiologic role in cardiovascular [11] and kidney functions. [12] Studies have reported an association between serum calcium and metabolic syndrome, [13] high blood pressure, [14] and lipids [15] in the general population. Calcium deficiency may lead various diseases such as osteoporosis, arthritis, hypertension [16] while its excess also has negative consequences on the reproductive health in experimental animals.…”