Clinical, Molecular Diagnosis and Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Streptococcus Equi Causing Strangles

Seady, Manar M. Al; Atwa, Samar; Beskawy, Mohamed A. El; Elkhodary, Sabry A.; Eissa, Mohamed; Ibrahim, Nermin A.

doi:10.5455/ajvs.288463

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The antibiotic susceptibility pro le of the isolated S. equi subspecies equi revealed substantial resistance to erythromycin (30 µg) and vancomycin (30 µg), which is in line with Seady et al (2018), who reported 85% and 70% resistance to erythromycin and vancomycin, respectively [23]. Another resistance antibiotic was shown for tetracycline (30 µg), which is in line with Badier (2009), who reported 83.3% resistance against tetracycline [24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Streptococcus equi Subspecies equi From Strangles Suspected Equines: Molecular Detection, Antibiogram Profiles and Risk Factors

Bekele,

Desalegn,

Tadesse

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Strangles, caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies equi, is a highly infectious disease of equines causing major health issues and financial losses. The aim of the study was to detect the presence of the SeM gene in Streptococcus equi isolated from equine suspected of having strangles. A cross-sectional study design was conducted from July to December 2022 in five districts of the central Gondar zone, Ethiopia. One-hundred sixty swap samples were taken from animals that had been clinically suspected. The SeM gene was detected using polymerase chain reaction, and the antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The binary logistic regression model was employed to test for statistical significance. In 31.87% (51/160) of the samples, Streptococcus equi species were isolated, and 31.37% (16/51) of these species carried the SeM gene. There was a significant amount of tetracycline (81.5%), erythromycin (81.5%), and vancomycin (75.5%) resistance among the 16 isolates. Strangles were more likely to be present in animals who shared feed containers (AOR = 7.59; 95% CI = 1.44–39.93), drank from the same water troughs (AOR = 7.74; 95% CI = 1.44–41.01), and spent the night together (AOR = 5.97; 95% CI 1.41–25.37). The findings of this study showed that the research areas harboured Streptococcus equi subspecies equi. Sharing feed containers and water troughs were potential sources of strangles infection; thus, these containers need to be cleaned regularly.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Streptococcus equi Subspecies equi From Strangles Suspected Equines: Molecular Detection, Antibiogram Profiles and Risk Factors

Bekele,

Desalegn,

Tadesse

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…In Egypt, a recent study in 2019 [ 26 ] showed that the recovered S. equi and S. zooepidemicus isolates were sensitive to cefoxitin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin, while they show high resistance to vancomycin, which agreed with the results recorded in the present study, wherein the resistance against vancomycin was 87.5% and this was similar to Seady et al . [ 30 ], who reported high resistance to vancomycin (70%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCR test is a confirmatory test for the identification of S. equi subsp . equi , the causative agent of strangles, in addition to clinical and bacteriological examination [ 8 ]. Penicillin is known to be the drug of choice for the treatment of strangles [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vancomycin resistant Streptococcus equi subsp. equi isolated from equines suffering from respiratory manifestation in Egypt

et al. 2021

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Background and Aim: Upper respiratory tract infections are common in horses and can be caused by a variety of pathogens, mainly Streptococcus equi subsp. equi, which are a significant equine pathogen causing major health issues as well as financial losses to the equine industry. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Streptococcal bacteria in equines in Egypt, and characterize vancomycin-resistant S. equi subsp. equi phenotypically and genotypically. Materials and Methods: S. equi subsp. equi was isolated from internal nares of horses. All strains were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction-based detection of Streptococcus genus-specific 16S rRNA, sodA and seeI genes. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined phenotypically using the disk diffusion method. Genotypic detection of antibiotic resistance genes was performed by analyzing as β-lactamase resistance (blaZ), tetracycline resistance (tetK), vancomycin resistance (vanA), and chloramphenicol resistance (fexA). Results: Eight streptococcal isolates were confirmed as S. equi subsp. equi. The genotypic characterization of antibiotic resistance showed resistance to vanA and tetK, with a frequency of 87.5% and 12.5%, respectively, while the frequency of sensitivity was 100% for blaz gene and fexA gene. Conclusion: In this study, we assessed vancomycin-resistant S. equi subsp. equi from equines suffering from respiratory manifestation in Egypt.

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“…The penicillins have been considered the drug of choice for the treatment of strangles [ 7 ]. Besides, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and cefquinome have also shown to have high efficacy in vitro against strains of S. equi [ 8 , 9 ]. Potentially, cefquinome would have therapeutic effects on infections caused by these strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic integration for optimal dosage of cefquinome against Streptococcus equi subsp. equi in foals

Lee

Birhanu

Lee

et al. 2020

Vet Res

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Cefquinome is administered in horses for the treatment of respiratory infection caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, and septicemia caused by Escherichia coli. However, there have been no attempts to use cefquinome against Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (S. equi), the causative agent of strangles. Hence the objective of this study was to calculate an optimal dosage of cefquinome against S. equi based on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics integration. Cefquinome (1.0 mg/kg) was administered by intravenous and intramuscular routes to six healthy thoroughbred foals. Serum cefquinome concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The in vitro and ex vivo antibacterial activity were determined from minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and bacterial killing curves. The optimal dosage was calculated from the integration of pharmacokinetic parameters and area under the curve (AUC24h/MIC) values. Total body clearance and volume of distribution of cefquinome after intravenous administration were 0.06 L/h/kg and 0.09 L/kg, respectively. Following intramuscular administration, a maximum concentration of 0.73 μg/mL at 1.52 h (Tmax) and a systemic bioavailability of 37.45% were observed. The MIC of cefquinome against S. equi was 0.016 μg/mL. The ex vivo AUC24h/MIC values representing bacteriostatic, and bactericidal activity were 113.11, and 143.14 h, respectively. Whereas the %T > MIC for bactericidal activity was 153.34%. In conclusion, based on AUC24h/MIC values and pharmacokinetic parameters, cefquinome when administered by intramuscularly at a dosage of 0.53 mg/kg every 24 h, would be effective against infection caused by S. equi in foals. Further studies may be necessary to confirm its therapeutic efficacy in a clinical environment.

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Clinical, Molecular Diagnosis and Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Streptococcus Equi Causing Strangles

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Streptococcus equi Subspecies equi From Strangles Suspected Equines: Molecular Detection, Antibiogram Profiles and Risk Factors

Streptococcus equi Subspecies equi From Strangles Suspected Equines: Molecular Detection, Antibiogram Profiles and Risk Factors

Vancomycin resistant Streptococcus equi subsp. equi isolated from equines suffering from respiratory manifestation in Egypt

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic integration for optimal dosage of cefquinome against Streptococcus equi subsp. equi in foals

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