Clinical outcome of admitted HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopian tertiary care settings: A prospective cohort study

Abstract

BackgroundAcquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) related illnesses are the leading cause of death in the developing world. However; there is limited evidence regarding the incidence of mortality among admitted HIV patients in Ethiopia.ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of mortality and its predictors among admitted HIV/AIDS patients in selected tertiary care hospitals in Ethiopia.MethodsA prospective cohort study involving 136 admitted HIV/AIDS patients from April 1 to August 31, 2018 was conducted in selected tertiary care hospitals in Ethiopia. Data were collected on socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, and drug related variables. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression were used to compare survival experience of the patients and identify independent predictors of mortality. Hazard ratio was used as a measure of strength of association and p-value of <0.05 was considered to declare statistical significance.ResultsOf 136 patients, 80 (58.8%) were females. The overall in-hospital incidence of mortality was 2.83 per 1000 person-years. The incidences of mortality due to AIDS and non-AIDS related admissions were 6.1 [3.95, 8.67] and 5.3 [3.35, 8.23] per 1000 person-years respectively. The mean ± SD survival times among patients with AIDS and non-AIDS related illnesses were 32 ± 3.1 and 34 ± 3.3 days respectively (log rank p = 0.599). Being on non-invasive ventilation (AHR: 2.99, 95%CI; [1.24, 7.28]; p = 0.015) and having baseline body mass index (BMI) of less than 18.5 (AHR: 2.6, 95%CI; [1.03, 6.45]; p = 0.04) were independent predictors of mortality.ConclusionThe study found high incidence of in-hospital mortality among admitted HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopian tertiary care hospitals. Being on non-invasive ventilation and body mass index (BMI) of less than 18.5 were found to be independent predictors of mortality.

Hospitalization and Predictors of Inpatient Mortality among HIV-Infected Patients in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Jimma, Ethiopia: Prospective Observational Study

“…e common CNS infections identified were cryptococcal meningitis (36.8%), bacterial meningitis (31.6%), and cerebral toxoplasmosis (31.6%). is proportion of CNS infections was consistent with other studies [3,15,20,[28][29][30]. HAART-related toxicity was also among the commonly occurred reasons for hospitalization.…”

“…Data on the spectrum of both HIV-and non-HIV-related illnesses that result in hospital admission are essential for policymakers and stakeholders to plan actions in reducing morbidity, mortality, and further hospitalization [14]. Recently, Negera and Mega [15] reported that body mass index (BMI) of less than 18.5 is a significant predictor of inpatient mortality in Ethiopia. However, with the paucity of published data on HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia, little is known about other reasons for hospitalizations, discharge outcomes, and predictors of inpatient mortality in hospitalized patients with HIV.…”

Thirty-day readmission rates in a cohort of people living with HIV in southern Brazil, 2015 to 2017

“…Third, some factors previously associated with adverse outcomes in this population were not analyzed in our study, including socioeconomic (e.g., type of housing, rate of hospital, and emergency unit use), clinical and epidemiological (e.g., weight, intensive care unit stay, and use of non invasive ventilation), and laboratory test characteristics (e.g., lymphocyte count and serum sodium and potassium levels). [18][19][20][21] On the other hand, the present work also has strengths. As far as the authors know, this is the first longitudinal study in southern Brazil, the second among middle and low income countries, to assess the 30-day readmission rate among PLWH.…”

Immunologic Response of HIV-Infected Children to Different Regimens of Antiretroviral Therapy: A Retrospective Observational Study

“…Ethiopia has the largest population of HIV-infected children in the region. According to an estimate by the Federal HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Office (FHAPCO), there are over 738,976 people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia [ 3 ]. Of these, 178,500 are children younger than 15 years of age [ 4 ].…”