Clinical Outcome Prediction in COVID-19 Patients by Lymphocyte Subsets Analysis and Monocytes’ iTNF-α Expression

Madonna, Gabriele; Sale, Silvia; Capone, Mariaelena; Falco, Chiara De; Santocchio, Valentina; Matola, Tiziana Di; Fiorentino, Giuseppe; Pirozzi, Caterina; D'Antonio, A; Sabatino, Rocco; Atripaldi, Lidia; Atripaldi, Umberto; Raffone, Marcello; Curvietto, Marcello; Grimaldi, Antonio; Vanella, Vito; Festino, Lucia; Scarpato, Luigi; Palla, Marco; Spatarella, Michela; Perna, Francesco; Pellegrino, C.; Botti, Gerardo; Parrella, Roberto; Montesarchio, Vincenzo; Ascierto, Paolo A.; Atripaldi, Luigi

doi:10.3390/biology10080735

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Symptoms related to COVID-19 can be unspecific, but often include fatigue, fever and dry cough [12]. Unusual symptoms include nasal congestion, gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, conjunctivitis, pains and aches, as well as loss of taste and smell, lymphopenia, and prolonged symptomatic experience with antimicrobial therapy (at least 3 days) [6,13]. COVID-19 has also been associated with coagulation disorders, secondary bacterial infections, immunodeficiency and myocardial as well as hepatic, and renal injury [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Molecular and Immunological Diagnostic Methods to Detect SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2022

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COVID-19 emerged in late 2019 in China and quickly spread across the globe, causing over 521 million cases of infection and 6.26 million deaths to date. After 2 years, numerous advances have been made. First of all, the preventive vaccine, which has been implemented in record time, is effective in more than 95% of cases. Additionally, in the diagnostic field, there are numerous molecular and antigenic diagnostic kits that are equipped with high sensitivity and specificity. Real Time-PCR-based assays for the detection of viral RNA are currently considered the gold-standard method for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and can be used efficiently on pooled nasopharyngeal, or oropharyngeal samples for widespread screening. Moreover, additional, and more advanced molecular methods such as droplet-digital PCR (ddPCR), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS), are currently under development to detect the SARS-CoV-2 RNA. However, as the number of subjects infected with SARS-CoV-2 continuously increases globally, health care systems are being placed under increased stress. Thus, the clinical laboratory plays an important role, helping to select especially asymptomatic individuals who are actively carrying the live replicating virus, with fast and non-invasive molecular technologies. Recent diagnostic strategies, other than molecular methods, have been adopted to either detect viral antigens, i.e., antigen-based immunoassays, or human anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, i.e., antibody-based immunoassays, in nasal or oropharyngeal swabs, as well as in blood or saliva samples. However, the role of mucosal sIgAs, which are essential in the control of viruses entering the body through mucosal surfaces, remains to be elucidated, and in particular the role of the immune response in counteracting SARS-CoV-2 infection, primarily at the site(s) of virus entry that appears to be promising.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Molecular and Immunological Diagnostic Methods to Detect SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2022

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“…Nevertheless, a trend toward functional impairments and decreased levels of circulating Tregs in severe cases of COVID-19 has been reported previously ( 38 – 40 ). It was shown that patients dying from COVID-19 exhibited significantly lower Treg counts and higher Th17/Treg ratio compared to recovered and healthy controls ( 42 – 44 ) and that low Treg counts at hospital admission were associated with clinical worsening and longer duration to discharge ( 45 , 46 ). Correspondingly, several studies demonstrated a downregulation of FoxP3 in severe cases of COVID-19 ( 44 , 47 – 49 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of regulatory T cell dynamics in convalescent COVID-19 patients – indications for their potential involvement in the development of Long COVID?

et al. 2022

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BackgroundRecovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be impaired by the persistence of symptoms or new-onset health complications, commonly referred to as Long COVID. In a subset of patients, Long COVID is associated with immune system perturbations of unknown etiology, which could be related to compromised immunoregulatory mechanisms.ObjectiveThe objective of this scoping review was to summarize the existing literature regarding the frequency and functionality of Tregs in convalescent COVID-19 patients and to explore indications for their potential involvement in the development of Long COVIDDesignA systematic search of studies investigating Tregs during COVID-19 convalescence was conducted on MEDLINE (via Pubmed) and Web of Science.ResultsThe literature search yielded 17 relevant studies, of which three included a distinct cohort of patients with Long COVID. The reviewed studies suggest that the Treg population of COVID-19 patients can reconstitute quantitatively and functionally during recovery. However, the comparison between recovered and seronegative controls revealed that an infection-induced dysregulation of the Treg compartment can be sustained for at least several months. The small number of studies investigating Tregs in Long COVID allowed no firm conclusions to be drawn about their involvement in the syndrome’s etiology. Yet, even almost one year post-infection Long COVID patients exhibit significantly altered proportions of Tregs within the CD4+ T cell population.ConclusionsPersistent alterations in cell frequency in Long COVID patients indicate that Treg dysregulation might be linked to immune system-associated sequelae. Future studies should aim to address the association of Treg adaptations with different symptom clusters and blood parameters beyond the sole quantification of cell frequencies while adhering to consensualized phenotyping strategies.

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“…Nevertheless, a trend toward functional impairments and decreased levels of circulating Tregs in severe cases of COVID-19 has been reported previously (33–35). It was shown that patients dying from COVID-19 exhibited significantly lower Treg counts and higher Th17/Treg ratio compared to recovered and healthy controls (37–39) and that low Treg counts at hospital admission were associated with clinical worsening and longer duration to discharge (40, 41). Correspondingly, several studies demonstrated a downregulation of FoxP3 in severe cases of COVID-19 (39, 42–44).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of regulatory T cell dynamics in convalescent COVID-19 patients – Implications for Long COVID?

Haunhorst

Bloch

Javelle

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be impaired by the persistence of symptoms or new-onset health complications, commonly referred to as Long COVID. In a subset of patients, Long COVID is associated with immune system perturbations of unknown etiology, which could be related to compromised immunoregulatory mechanisms. Objective: The aim of this scoping review was to investigate if regulatory T cell (Treg) dysregulation is observable beyond the acute illness and if it might be involved in Long COVID immunopathology. Design: A systematic search of studies investigating Tregs during COVID-19 convalescence was conducted on MEDLINE (via Pubmed) and Web of Science. Results: The literature search yielded 17 relevant studies, of which three included a distinct cohort of patients with Long COVID. The reviewed studies suggest that the Treg population of COVID-19 patients can reconstitute quantitatively and functionally during recovery. However, the comparison between recovered and seronegative controls revealed that an infection-induced dysregulation of the Treg compartment can be sustained for at least several months. The small number of studies investigating Tregs in Long COVID allowed no firm conclusions to be drawn about their involvement in the syndrome's etiology. Yet, even almost one year post-infection Long COVID patients exhibit significantly altered proportions of Tregs within the CD4+ T cell population. Conclusions: Persistent alterations in cell frequency in Long COVID patients indicate that Treg dysregulation might be linked to immune system-associated sequelae. Future studies should aim to address the association of Treg adaptations with different symptom clusters and blood parameters beyond the sole quantification of cell frequencies while adhering to consensualized phenotyping strategies.

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Clinical Outcome Prediction in COVID-19 Patients by Lymphocyte Subsets Analysis and Monocytes’ iTNF-α Expression

Cited by 4 publications

References 71 publications

Advanced Molecular and Immunological Diagnostic Methods to Detect SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Advanced Molecular and Immunological Diagnostic Methods to Detect SARS-CoV-2 Infection

A scoping review of regulatory T cell dynamics in convalescent COVID-19 patients – indications for their potential involvement in the development of Long COVID?

A scoping review of regulatory T cell dynamics in convalescent COVID-19 patients – Implications for Long COVID?

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