Clinical-pathological and immunological biomarkers in dogs with atopic dermatitis

Martins, Guilherme De Caro; Júnior, Otoni Alves de Oliveira Melo; Botoni, Larissa Silveira; Nogueira, Marina Moller; Val, Adriane Pimenta da Costa; Soto-Blanco, Benito; Dutra, Walderez Ornelas; Giunchetti, Rodolfo Cordeiro; Melo, Marília Martins; Lemos, Denise da Silveira

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.10.009

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Previous studies reported that concentrations of Th2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13, in serum, 5 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 3 and lesional skin, 6–8 were higher in atopic dogs than in healthy dogs. One study also found elevated numbers of IL‐4‐expressing helper T cells in the peripheral blood of dogs with cAD 9 . Therefore, cAD is a Th2‐associated inflammatory disease, similar to human atopic dermatitis (AD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum canine thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) concentrations correlate with disease severity and therapeutic responses in dogs with atopic dermatitis

Asahina

Ueda²,

Oshima³

et al. 2020

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background-Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). Serum TARC concentrations are a reliable biomarker for human atopic dermatitis; however, their potential as a biomarker for cAD has not been investigated. Hypothesis/Objectives-To investigate whether serum TARC concentrations correlate with disease severity and therapeutic responses for cAD. Animals-Thirty-nine dogs with cAD and 42 healthy dogs were recruited. Methods and materials-Serum TARC concentrations in dogs with cAD and healthy dogs were measured by sandwich ELISA with anti-canine TARC antibodies. The clinical severity of cAD was scored using the validated Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI-04). Serum TARC concentrations were compared between dogs with cAD and healthy controls, and their relationship with CADESI-04 was examined. Serum TARC concentrations also were measured in 20 dogs with cAD treated with prednisolone or oclacitinib for four weeks. Results-Serum TARC concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with cAD than in healthy dogs (P < 0.001). In dogs with cAD, serum TARC concentrations correlated with CADESI-04 scores (q = 0.457, P < 0.01). Furthermore, serum TARC concentrations significantly decreased in treated dogs with the attenuation of clinical signs (P < 0.001). Changes in serum TARC concentrations before and after treatment correlated with those in CADESI-04 scores (q = 0.746, P < 0.001). Conclusions and clinical relevance-Serum TARC concentrations have potential as a clinical and research tool for the objective evaluation of disease severity and therapeutic responses for cAD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study also found elevated numbers of IL-4-expressing helper T cells in the peripheral blood of dogs with cAD. 9 Therefore, cAD is a Th2-associated inflammatory disease, similar to human atopic dermatitis (AD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum canine thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) concentrations correlate with disease severity and therapeutic responses in dogs with atopic dermatitis

Asahina

Ueda²,

Oshima³

et al. 2020

Veterinary Dermatology

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“…Characteristic leukogram changes expressed as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have been shown to have diagnostic and prognostic potential in humans with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 1,5 showing a correlation of the NLR with several clinical parameters and demonstrating that the NLR serves as a potentially useful prognostic marker in human IBD. The NLR also appears to be useful in diagnosing dogs with hypoadrenocorticism 46 and has been evaluated in canine atopic dermatitis, 35 septic and noninfectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome, 27 and various types of cancer. 14,34,36,39,41 However, the NLR has not been evaluated in dogs with CE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a diagnostic marker in dogs with chronic enteropathy

Becher¹,

Suchodolski

Steiner

et al. 2021

J VET Diagn Invest

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Few routinely available biomarkers are clinically useful in assessing dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE) and aid in CE subclassification. The diagnostic potential of the blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has not been evaluated in canine CE. We evaluated the NLR in 93 dogs with CE (no steroid treatment for ≥2 wk prior) and tested for an association with clinical, clinicopathologic, and histologic characteristics and also with CE subclassification. NLR was significantly higher in CE dogs with severe clinical disease than dogs with mild clinical disease ( p = 0.047). Hypoalbuminemia ( p < 0.001), but not hypocobalaminemia, was associated with higher NLRs. NLR was correlated with fecal alpha1-proteinase inhibitor concentrations (ρ = 0.47) and the serum-to-fecal alpha1-proteinase inhibitor ratio (ρ = –0.48; both p < 0.001) but not with serum or fecal inflammatory markers nor with the overall histologic score (all p > 0.05). Dogs with steroid- or other immunosuppressant-responsive (IRE) or nonresponsive enteropathy (NRE) had significantly higher NLRs (median: 7.3) than dogs with food-responsive enteropathy (FRE; median: 3.0; p = 0.003), and a NLR ≥5.5 best distinguished both groups of dogs. No difference in NLR was detected between dogs with IRE and dogs diagnosed with NRE. These findings suggest that leukogram changes (i.e., NLR) could be clinically useful in canine CE, and that neutrophils might play a role in the systemic inflammatory response associated with canine CE. The NLR can be easily assessed on routine hematology and can potentially aid in the subclassification of dogs with CE based on the response to treatment.

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“…In the present study, the leukocyte analysis was performed to assess inflammatory response, while albumin, total bilirubin and MDA evaluation aimed to estimate oxidative disturbs. Although other studies have already been performed correlating CA-DESI with blood parameters and lymphocytic phenotype in CAD [22], no clinical research was previously performed correlating blood and tissue inflammatory response in this disease according to CADESI. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Systemic and Cutaneous Inflammatory Immune Response in Canine Atopic Dermatitis

Ferreira

Lima-Verde

Júnior

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a chronic and inflammatory disease present in veterinary dermatological practice. The inflammation in CAD is triggered by environmental allergens and skin microorganisms, which are responsible for the worsening of cutaneous lesions. This continuous activation of skin inflammatory process can induce the production of free radicals that also contribute to cellular damage and ultimately leads to changes in blood parameters in dogs with CAD. Although there are reports of inflammatory parameters in CAD, there are a lack of studies correlating skin lesions, blood leukocytes and oxidative stress. Based on that,this study aimed to evaluate the integumentary and systemic inflammatory response in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Materials, Methods & Results: Dogs with confirmed diagnosis of canine atopic dermatitis (n = 10) were divided in two groups according to CADESI-IV: AI, with CADESI between 0-10, AII, with CADESI between 10-34, and control group (n = 5). Blood-biochemical and histological analysis were performed to access systemic and cutaneous inflammatory response. AII group tended to higher neutrophil and eosinophil counts, as well as neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) when compared to AI. The albumin was lower in AII compared to AI and control (P < 0.05), while total bilirubin and malondialdehyde (MDA) did not differ between groups. NLR (r = 0.64 and P = 0.04) and MDA (r = 0.54 and P = 0.1) were positively correlated with CADESI, while albumin was negatively correlated with CADESI (r = -0.79 and P = 0.005). Histopathological analysis revealed a larger number of neutrophils, macrophages and mast cells in AI and AII than in control group (P < 0.05). Discussion: In this study it was possible to evaluate the systemic and cutaneous leukocyte dynamics in CAD. Skin inflammation induces the production of chemotactic molecules contribute to neutrophil outflow from blood vessel toward the affected tissue, which can be visualized as perivascular inflammatory infiltrate and exocytosis. At systemic level, there was a tendency to increase in total leukocytes and circulating neutrophil count in group AII, as well as in neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), when compared to AI. The NLR is a widely available and inexpensive laboratory biomarker that quantifies systemic inflammation, being used in human medicine to evaluate prognosis in different types of cancer. In our study, dogs in AII group showed an increased NLR compared to AI and control, which demonstrates the influence of skin injury in systemic parameters. Furthermore, AII group is composed of dogs with greater lesion state, which reflects in higher NLR values. Since this disease is known by its chronicity and may remain stable for years, NLR may be a novel biomarker to evaluate acute exacerbation in CAD and could potentially explain why some patients have longer crisis duration and frequent flares. The maintenance of the inflammatory state also induces the production of oxidizing substances, which possibly exceed the total antioxidant capacity, generating a situation of oxidative stress, which can result in damage to membrane lipids and release of their products. MDA is reliable and is the most commonly used marker of the overall lipid peroxidation level and the presence of oxidative stress. This result may be related with the antioxidant system, such as albumin and bilirubin, which was able to promote an efficient control of oxidant substances. In conclusion, the presented data demonstrated an inflammatory process progression as well as introduced NLR as a potential marker of disease exacerbation in CAD.

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Clinical-pathological and immunological biomarkers in dogs with atopic dermatitis

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Serum canine thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) concentrations correlate with disease severity and therapeutic responses in dogs with atopic dermatitis

Serum canine thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) concentrations correlate with disease severity and therapeutic responses in dogs with atopic dermatitis

Blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a diagnostic marker in dogs with chronic enteropathy

Analysis of Systemic and Cutaneous Inflammatory Immune Response in Canine Atopic Dermatitis

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