Clinical performance of a handheld digital infrared monocular pupillometer for measurement of the dark-adapted pupil diameter

Bradley, Jay; Bentley, Karl C.; Mughal, Aleem I.; Brown, Sandra M.

doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2009.09.025

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Several handheld pupillometers that occlude the tested eye are in common clinical use. 1,2 Theoretically, monocular occlusion could artificially enlarge the dark-adapted pupil diameter due to halving of the total retinal light flux. Devices such as wavefront analyzers and topographers incorporate a pupil measurement function [3][4][5] under binocular viewing (both eyes open), but typically the fixation target is no more than 2 feet distant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of a monocular pupillometer and the pupillometry function of a binocular free-viewing autorefractor

Bradley

Cohn

et al. 2011

Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details for obtaining 1 lux illumination level in an ordinary eye examination room have been published. 2 Before and during testing, subjects were instructed to maintain steady gaze at the far end of the room (20 feet), which contained no point light sources.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of a monocular pupillometer and the pupillometry function of a binocular free-viewing autorefractor

Bradley

Cohn

et al. 2011

Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery

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“…[45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] The age related decline in pupil size progresses linearly at an estimated rate of 0.4 mm/decade from the age of 20 years to 90 years. 51,55 However, Bernick suggests that pupillary activity (which is the standard deviation of the mean for each period of stimulation) and the range of pupillary response (which is the difference between the mean response levels in light and dark) may account for some of the relationship between age and pupil size.…”

Section: Fi Gu Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Pupil Diameters of Emmetropes and Myopes under Photopic, Mesopic and Scotopic Conditions, Using the Infrared Pupillometer Integrated Within Schwind Sirius Multifunctional Diagnostic Device

Çömez¹,

Komur²,

Eser³

2012

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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A AB BS ST TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : To assess the pupil diameters of emmetropes and myopes in photopic, mesopic and scotopic conditions. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: : Pupil diameters of 49 emmetropic subjects [spherical equivalent (SE) values ±0.25 diopter (D) with a mean age of 31.0±10.5 years (range 17 to 58 years)], and 61 agematched (mean age 31.3±8.9 years, range 17 to 52 years) myopic subjects were measured with the infrared pupillometer integrated within Schwind Sirius Multifunctional diagnostic device (Eyetech-solutions, Kleinostheim, Germany) in photopic (40 lux) condition simulating the day-time, in mesopic (4 lux) condition and in scotopic (0.04 lux) condition simulating the level of light encountered at night. All statistical analyses were performed according to two-sided hypothesis tests and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : The mean photopic pupil diameter was 3.62±0.73 mm (range 2.49 to 5.83) in the emmetropic group and 3.86±0.85 mm (range 2.06 to 6.67) in the myopic group. The mean mesopic pupil diameters were 4.68±0.78 mm (range 3.19 to 6.45) and 5.16±0.91 mm (range 3.23 to 7.46) and the mean scotopic pupil diameters were 5.63±0.70 mm (range 4.28 to 7.14) and 6.08±0.86 mm (range 4.30 to 7.95) in emmetropes and myopes, respectively. The mean pupil diameters of myopes were larger than emmetropes in all three light conditions (p<0.001). There was no interaction between patient group and light condition (p>0.05). C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : The mean pupil diameters of myopic subjects were larger than the pupil diameter of emmetropes. Pupil diameter should be measured objectively under standardized illumination levels in order to minimize the risk of post-operative glare and halo formation in refractive surgery patients. K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Pupil; myopia; mesopic vision; night vision; refractive surgical procedures; glare Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Emetropların ve miyopların pupil çaplarının fotopik, mezopik ve skotopik koşullarda değerlendirilmesi. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Ortalama yaşı 31,0±10,5 yıl (aralık 17-58 yıl) olan 49 emetropik olgunun [sferik eşdeğer (SE) değerleri ±0,25 diopter (D)] pupil çapları ile yaşa göre eşleştirilmiş (31,3±8,9 yıl; aralık 17-52 yıl) 61 miyopik olgunun (SE değerleri ≥-1D) pupil çapları Schwind Sirius Çok İşlevli tanı aracıyla (Eye-tech-solutions, Kleinostheim, Almanya) entegre infrared pupillometre ile gündüzü taklit eden fotopik koşullarda (40 lüks), mezopik (4 lüks) ve gece rastlanan ışık düzeyini taklit eden skotopik koşulda (0,04 lüks) ölçüldü. Tüm istatistiksel incelemeler iki taraflı hipotez testlerine göre yapıldı ve 0,05'den küçük p değeri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Ortalama fotopik çap emetropik grupta 3,62±0,73 mm (aralık 2,49-5,83) ve miyopik grupta 3,86±0,85 mm (aralık 2,06-6,67) bulundu. Ortalama mezopik pupil çapları emetroplarda ve miyoplarda sırasıyla ...

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“…Recent studies have shown that the NeurOptics pupillometer provides highly reproducible results comparable with infrared photography and has a high interobserver agreement and repeatability (Schallenberg et al, 2010;Bradley et al, 2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To enhance the signal from the choroid, the "chorioretinal" scanning mode of the instrument was used. (Bradley et al, 2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Autonomic Nervous System on the Human Choroid

Sander¹

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v AbstractThe impact of myopia is greater than just its optical consequences and in severe cases it can lead to a loss of vision. It is a highly prevalent eye disorder, with about one third of the population worldwide affected by this refractive error. Despite extensive research, the pathogenesis of myopia is still only partially understood. An improved knowledge of mechanisms underlying myopia is critical to developing new therapies to prevent myopia or to slow its progression.Although there is no fully effective and satisfactory myopia control treatment available, growing evidence has suggested that the choroid has a passive or active role in the regulation of eye growth and refractive error development. Numerous human and animal studies have shown that the retina can be moved forward or backward towards the image plane through changes in choroidal thickness, and these changes are likely to be associated in the longer term with eye growth and the development of refractive errors. As the choroid receives a rich innervation from the autonomic nervous system, many previous animal studies have utilized pharmacological agents and neurotoxins to elucidate the possible role of muscarinic signaling in the regulation of choroidal thickness, but only a few studies have investigated this issue in humans. An improved understanding of the mechanisms that control choroidal thickness may be important in developing new therapies for combating the development and progression of myopia.The research described in the thesis aimed to investigate the role of the autonomic nervous system in the control of choroidal thickness, axial length and the morphology In a series of experiments, we have confirmed that in humans under normal visual conditions, the parasympathetic nervous system is involved in the short-term regulation of subfoveal and parafoveal choroidal thickness, axial length and the morphology of the anterior sclera. The muscarinic blocker homatropine caused a significant subfoveal and parafoveal choroidal thickening, shortening of axial length, an enlargement of Schlemm's canal area and an increase in thickness of the conjunctival/episcleral complex. On the other hand, no notable changes in ocular parameters, except a decrease in the thickness of the conjunctival/episcleral tissues were found after instillation of the sympathomimetic drug phenylephrine.In an attempt to further improve our understanding of the myopigenic mechanisms influencing the thickness of the choroid in humans, we investigated the short-term influence of mixed interventions (positive and negative lens-imposed defocus / 2% homatropine) on choroidal thickness and axial length in emmetropic and myopic subjects. Homatropine prevented choroidal thinning in response to hyperopic defocus.This finding is consistent with the anti-myopia effects of muscarinic blockers and supports the potential importance of hyperopic defocus in the development of human myopia. By contrast, co-administration of homatropine with myopic defocus did not enhance the thicken...

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Clinical performance of a handheld digital infrared monocular pupillometer for measurement of the dark-adapted pupil diameter

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

Comparison of a monocular pupillometer and the pupillometry function of a binocular free-viewing autorefractor

Comparison of a monocular pupillometer and the pupillometry function of a binocular free-viewing autorefractor

Assessment of Pupil Diameters of Emmetropes and Myopes under Photopic, Mesopic and Scotopic Conditions, Using the Infrared Pupillometer Integrated Within Schwind Sirius Multifunctional Diagnostic Device

The Influence of the Autonomic Nervous System on the Human Choroid

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