Abstract. In this report, a case of hemorrhagic shock caused by a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the ileum, which was successfully treated by emergency surgery, is presented. A 67-year-old male patient presented to the Ibaraki Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University (Ami, Japan) in July 18, 2014, with dizziness and blood in the stool. Upper endoscopy and colonoscopy failed to reveal the source of the hemorrhage, although abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed extravasation of the contrast medium into the small intestine. The patient developed hemorrhagic shock; thus, double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) was performed, which revealed a Meckel's diverticulum and a submucosal tumor with excessive bleeding at 60 and 100 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve, respectively. Subsequent emergency partial resection of the ileum, including the tumor and the Meckel's diverticulum, was performed in July 20, 2014. Histological examination of the excised tumor revealed proliferation of spindle-shaped cells, and immunohistochemical staining of the tumor was positive for CD34, KIT and α-smooth muscle actin, but negative for S-100 protein. These immunohistological results supported the diagnosis of GIST of the ileum. The patient had an uneventful recovery and has been monitored at our outpatient clinic for 14 months after surgery. This case demonstrated the efficacy of DBE for the diagnosis of small intestinal bleeding, and immediate emergency surgery should be considered for cases of small intestinal GISTs with excessive bleeding.
IntroductionGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare tumors that may arise from any site of the GI tract and are generally associated with abdominal pain, GI bleeding, or a palpable mass. However, a small intestinal GIST rarely causes hemorrhagic shock. We herein report a case of hemorrhagic shock with excessive bleeding caused by an ileal GIST that was managed by emergency surgery. The patient provided written informed consent for the publication of this case report.
Case reportA 67-year-old male patient presented to the Department of Gastroenterology of the Ibaraki Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University (Ami, Japan) in July 18, 2014, with dizziness and blood in the stool. The patient's medical history included treatment for hypertension by a local physician. The findings of the subsequent physical examination were unremarkable, except for low blood pressure (97̸60 mmHg) and mild pallor of the palpebral conjunctiva. Laboratory data revealed mild anemia (hemoglobin, 10.2 g̸dl) and increased blood urea nitrogen (34.1 mg̸dl). Upper endoscopy revealed no hemorrhagic lesion of the duodenum, stomach, or esophagus. Colonoscopy revealed fresh blood with clotting discharged from the proximal side of the ileocecal valve; no hemorrhagic lesion of the colon or rectum was identified. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed extravasation of the contrast medium into the small intestine (Fig. 1). The intestinal bleeding continued, and the patient eventually devel...