Clinical presentations of naturally occurring canine seizures: similarities to human seizures

Licht, Barbara G.; Licht, Mark H.; Harper, Kathleen M.; Lin, Shili; Curtin, John J.; Hyson, Linda L.; Willard, Kristen S.

doi:10.1016/s1525-5050(02)00523-1

Cited by 63 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…14, 15 A normal general physical and neurologic examination, normal blood biochemistry analysis, and normal CBC count were the minimal inclusion criteria for all dogs. In addition, 11 FSE and 3 FSC had urinalyses performed (specific gravity, chemistry, and sediment examination), a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination (cell count, protein concentration), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 1.5 T equipment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroencephalography Findings in Healthy and Finnish Spitz Dogs with Epilepsy: Visual and Background Quantitative Analysis

et al. 2007

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Background: Qualitative and quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) parameters of healthy and Finnish Spitz dogs with epilepsy have not been determined.Objective: To determine if EEG can provide specific characteristics to distinguish between healthy dogs and dogs with epilepsy.Animals: Sixteen healthy and 15 Finnish Spitz dogs with epilepsy. Methods: A prospective clinical EEG study performed under medetomidine sedation. Blinded visual and quantitative EEG analyses were performed and results were compared between study groups.Results: Benign epileptiform transients of sleep and sleep spindles were a frequent finding in a majority of animals from both groups. The EEG analysis detected epileptiform activity in 3 Finnish Spitz dogs with epilepsy and in 1 healthy Finnish Spitz dog. Epileptiform activity was characterized by spikes, polyspikes, and spike slow wave complexes in posterior-occipital derivation in dogs with epilepsy and with midline spikes in control dog. The healthy dogs showed significantly less theta and beta activity than did the dogs with epilepsy (P , .01), but the only significant difference between healthy dogs and dogs with untreated epilepsy was in the alpha band (P , .001). Phenobarbital treatment increased alpha, beta (P , .001), and theta (P , .01), and decreased delta (P , .001) frequency bands compared with dogs with untreated epilepsy.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Benign epileptiform transients of sleep could be easily misinterpreted as epileptiform activity. Epileptiform activity in Finnish Spitz dogs with epilepsy seems to originate from a posterior-occipital location. The EEG of dogs with epilepsy exhibited a significant difference in background frequency bands compared with the control dogs. Phenobarbital treatment markedly influenced all background activity bands. Quantitative EEG analysis, in addition to visual analysis, seems to be a useful tool in the examination of patients with epilepsy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroencephalography Findings in Healthy and Finnish Spitz Dogs with Epilepsy: Visual and Background Quantitative Analysis

et al. 2007

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“…Seizures were classified according to initial clinical signs, as described by Licht et al 3 A generalized seizure involved both cerebral hemispheres with manifestation of bilaterally symmetrical signs. A focal seizure had asymmetrical signs or signs restricted to one part of the body.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] Unfortunately, no universally accepted diagnostic criteria for dogs with idiopathic epilepsy exist in veterinary medicine, and electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are not routinely included in confirming this diagnosis. 2,4 The Neuroimaging Commission of the International League Against Epilepsy has recommended that an MRI examination be performed on every human patient with epilepsy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Finnish Spitz Dogs with Focal Epilepsy

Viitmaa

Cizinauskas

Bergamasc

et al. 2006

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Eleven Finnish Spitz dogs with focal seizures and 3 healthy controls were evaluated. General clinical and neurological examinations, blood examination, urinalysis, cerebrospinal fluid examination, electroencephalography (EEG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain were performed on all dogs. On EEG examination, focal epileptic activity was found in 7 of 11 dogs (64%), and generalized epileptic activity was observed in 4 of 11 dogs (36%). MRI (performed with 1.5 T equipment) detected changes in 1 epileptic dog. Mild contrast enhancement after gadolinium injection was identified in this dog's right parietal cortex. However, no such changes were observed in repeated magnetic resonance images. Special emphasis was given to seizure history to determine any correlations between seizure intervals and MRI findings. Our results indicate that Finnish Spitz dogs with focal seizures suffer from focal idiopathic epilepsy and have nondetectable findings on MRI or pathology. MRI showed poor sensitivity in detecting epileptogenic areas in our patients with focal seizures. Reversible MRI changes in 1 dog could have been caused by seizures.

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“…Seventeen dogs (29%) had focal seizures, 27 dogs (47%) had generalized seizures, and 14 dogs (24%) had secondary generalized seizures, based on a review of medical records and video records of the seizures. 14 The mean (range) affected period was 13.2 months (0-96 months) and the mean (range) seizure frequency in a month before MR imaging was 4.7 (0-35). The postictal period ranged from a few hours to 4 days.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Clinical Magnetic Resonance Volumetry of the Hippocampus in 58 Epileptic Dogs*

Kuwabara

Hasegawa

Kobayashi

et al. 2010

Veterinary Radiology &Amp; Ultrasound

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Hippocampal atrophy, which is a component of hippocampal sclerosis and recognized commonly in human intractable epilepsy, is controversial in canine epilepsy. We examined the hippocampal volume in 58 epileptic dogs and 35 control dogs using magnetic resonance (MR) images, and calculated the relative hippocampal volume asymmetry of the right and left hippocampus. Subjectively, there were visible MR imaging abnormalities in seven of the 58 epileptic dogs (12%). The hippocampel volume asymmetric ratio of epileptic dogs (5.84 AE 4.47%) was significantly greater than that of control dogs (1.62 AE 0.88%). Using a cutoff threshold asymmetric ratio of 6% that is indicated in human epilepsy, 28 epileptic dogs (48%) were characterized as having unilateral hippocampus atrophy. The hippocampal volume asymmetry ratio cannot be used to detect bilateral atrophy. In conclusion, although less frequent than that observed in human epilepsy patients, hippocampal atrophy may occur in canine epilepsy. r

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Clinical presentations of naturally occurring canine seizures: similarities to human seizures

Cited by 63 publications

References 18 publications

Electroencephalography Findings in Healthy and Finnish Spitz Dogs with Epilepsy: Visual and Background Quantitative Analysis

Electroencephalography Findings in Healthy and Finnish Spitz Dogs with Epilepsy: Visual and Background Quantitative Analysis

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Finnish Spitz Dogs with Focal Epilepsy

Clinical Magnetic Resonance Volumetry of the Hippocampus in 58 Epileptic Dogs*

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