Clinical profile of patients presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding in a tertiary care hospital

Abstract

Background: It has been seen that Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is one of the most mutual gastrointestinal emergencies for physicians and surgeons. In the recent past studies, there is raised incidence of peptic ulcer with raised frequency of bleeding from it. The range of upper GI bleeding fluctuates from region to region and relies on the status of the centre in hospital hierarchy.Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, hospital-based, single centre study was carried out on 150 patients admitted in tertiary care hospital with the presentation of GI bleeding. A detailed patient history was taken followed by required clinical and laboratory investigations. Then patients were resuscitated and subjected to endoscopic procedure.Results: 150 patients were treated among which 105 were male (70%) and 45 females (30%). 111 patients (74%) had upper GI bleed, 28 patients (19%) had lower GI bleed, and 11 patients (7%) had obscure bleed. 41% of the population were diagnosed to have peptic ulcer (gastric or duodenal) as the cause behind GI bleed forming the main aetiology in this study population, 26% had oesophageal varices constituting second important cause of GI bleed, and 7% had obscure bleed. Those who had undergone UGI endoscopy or sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy within last one month and who were having GI bleed following GI surgery were excluded from the study.Conclusions: It was seen that upper GI bleeding is more common than lower GI bleeding. Peptic ulcer was the chief cause resulting in gastrointestinal bleed followed by oesophageal varices. Gastrointestinal bleeding was more common in male population affecting mainly subjects over 40 years of age.

Study of Clinical Profile of Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms and their Association with Endoscopy at a Tertiary Care Centre

“…So there was male predominance in this study. Similar results were found in Kumar et al, 11 in which out of 150 patients, 105 were male (70%) and 45 were female (30%). Similar results were also found in Jain et al, 12 in which out of 118 patients, 92 were male (77.9%) and 26 were female (22.1%).…”

“…Endoscopic findings in patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal symptoms patients were of above 40 years age (76.5%) and less number of patients (23.5%) were below 40 years age. In contrast to the current study the majority of the patients in the study ofKumar et al,11 belonged to 41-50 years age group.…”

Clinicoetiological profile of patients with gastrointestinal bleed presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Kumaon Region of Uttarakhand

“…GIB can present in five different ways: (a) Hematemesis, (b) Malena, (c) Hematochezia, (d) Occult bleeding, and (e) Features of blood loss or anemia such as lightheadedness, angina, dyspnea, or syncope. 1 The incidence of upper GIB (UGIB) is two times more common than the lower intestinal bleed. The incidence of UGIB is 50-150/100,000 populations/year, and the incidence increases with age probably due to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) abuse in elderly patients.…”

“…al.,1 from Tertiary Care Centre, Kolkata, showing 74% had UGIB, 19% had lower gastrointestinal source, and 7% had obscure bleeding. This study byKumar et al …”

“…1 reported 41% of bleeding due peptic ulcer disease (PUD), 26% of patients had variceal bleeding, 35 of patients had malignancy, and 7% had obscure bleeding.…”