Clinical response to 2 protocols of aerosolized gentamicin in 46 dogs withBordetella bronchisepticainfection (2012‐2018)

Abstract

Background: Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) infection commonly causes respiratory disease in dogs. Gentamicin delivered by aerosol maximizes local drug delivery without systemic absorption but clinical response to protocols remains undetermined. Objectives: To compare the clinical response to 2 protocols of aerosolized delivery of gentamicin in bordetellosis. Animals: Forty-six dogs with Bb infection confirmed by culture or quantitative polymerase chain reaction on bronchoalveolar lavage. Methods: Retrospective study. Administration of aerosolized gentamicin for ≥10 minutes q12h for ≥3 weeks using 4 mg/kg diluted with saline (group 1) or undiluted 5% solution (group 2). Clinical response firstly assessed after 3-4 weeks and treatment pursued by 3-weeks increments if cure not reached. Cure defined as absence of cough persisting at least a week after treatment interruption. Results: Demographic data were similar between both groups. Clinical cure at 3-4 weeks was more frequently observed with the use of undiluted solution (19/33 vs 3/13 dogs, P = .03) in association with a shorter median duration of treatment (4 vs 6 weeks, P = .01). Dogs from group 2 having less than 1000 cells/μL in lavage were also more likely to be cured at 3-4 weeks than dogs with more than 1000 cells/μL [9/9 vs 10/19, P = .006] and median duration of treatment in that subgroup of animals was reduced (3 vs 5 weeks, P = .02). Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Aerosolized delivery of gentamicin seems effective for inducing clinical cure in Bb infection. Clinical response appears better using undiluted 5% solution, particularly in the subgroup of dogs having less than 1000 cells/μL in lavage.

Intranasal and Serum Gentamicin Concentration: Comparison of Three Topical Administration Protocols in Dogs

“…In veterinary medicine, a prolonged 3- to 6-week protocol of 10-min inhalations of 5% gentamicin twice daily, similar to the 10-min protocol used in the present study, has been described to successfully treat dogs with pulmonary bordetellosis, with no reported toxicity to the kidney [ 20 ]. The risk of toxicity of the three protocols investigated here in normal dogs appears therefore negligible.…”

“…In humans, gentamicin nasal irrigation has been described as a successful treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis, especially in cases of multi-drug-resistant bacteria [ 18 , 31 ]. Although a study described the success of gentamicin topical treatment in dogs with lower airway infectious diseases, there is a lack of research documenting the use of such protocols in dogs with nasal diseases [ 20 ].…”

“…In dogs, the most commonly described intranasal delivery methods relate to nebulization of steroids or antibiotics for management of lower airway disease [ 19 , 20 ]. Since nasal cavity is a suitable target for systemic delivery of drugs due to a large mucosal surface area combined with extensive vascularization providing an optimal absorption surface for drug delivery, intranasal delivery of drugs, such as sedatives or vaccines is also used to induce robust and prompt systemic effect [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. However local administration of antibiotics is not commonly used in dogs for treatment of upper respiratory tract diseases.…”

Mucosal Vaccination with Live Attenuated Bordetella bronchiseptica Protects against Challenge in Wistar Rats

“…In dogs, the current standard of care is based on treatment with antibiotics and supportive care for clinical signs. However, the attachment of the bacteria to the cilia may necessitate the nebulization of the antibiotics [ 10 ]. Vaccines are an essential tool for the protection of animals and humans against this pathogen.…”