Clinical Significance of Early Recurrence After Pulmonary Vein Antrum Isolation in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation　– Insight Into the Mechanism –

Pulmonary Vein Isolation Using a Second‐Generation Cryoballoon in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: One‐Year Outcome Using a Single Big‐Balloon 3‐Minute Freeze Technique

“…Our study showed that ERAFs were the sole significant factor for predicting AF recurrences after the blanking period, which was in agreement with the data post RF ablation . A prior study reported the greatest proportion of ERAFs in the first 2 weeks of the blanking period in a sample of patients fitted with an external loop recorder for the first 3 months after AF ablation using RF technology .…”

Impact of Catheter Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Sick Sinus Syndrome – Important Role of Non-Pulmonary Vein Foci –

“…8, 16 We found, however, no significant difference in the incidence of PV foci (SSS group, 41.7% vs. non-SSS group, 40.7%, P=0.87) or LA-PV reconnection observed on second ablation (SSS group, 97.0% vs. non-SSS group, 94.7%, P=0.69) between the 2 groups. Thus, PV foci appear to have less impact on the discrepancy in recurrence rate between the 2 groups.…”

Early Recurrence After Pulmonary Vein Isolation of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation With Different Ablation Technologies – Prospective Comparison of Radiofrequency vs. Second-Generation Cryoballoon Ablation –

“…8- 10 In contrast, no factors that correlated with ERAF could be identified for CB ablation. The finding that the time-course of hs-CRP levels differed between the groups and that the inflammatory markers did not correlate with ERAF for CB ablation suggested that the mechanism of ERAF cannot be simply explained by inflammatory process alone.…”

“…3 Although our study population was small and the follow-up period was not long, ERAF correlated with late recurrences in both groups, which was in line with the prior studies. 3, 10 Although the exact mechanism of ERAF post-CB ablation is unknown, it is likely that the inflammatory response, PV reconnections, non-PV foci, and unknown factors are associated with ERAF after CB ablation. A more sensitive marker reflecting the inflammatory status might be required for further evaluation.…”