Clinical significance of measuring fatty acids in biological fluids of dairy cows (in blood and milk) with a focus on heat stress

In the conditions of intensive milk production in order to ensure high productivity and at the same time preserve the general functional state of animal health it is impossible to do without the use of protein-rich grain components in the structure of compound feed. These include soybeans, which in the western region of Ukraine began to be widely used in the production of compound feed for cattle. The percentage of introduction of soybeans into the structure of compound feed is different and for high-yielding cows requires additional study, which explains the relevance of conducting research on its influence on milk productivity, quality indicators of milk against the background of assimilation of the main nutrients of feed. The study was conducted on four groups of Simmental cows, seven heads in each. The rations of experimental cows provided for three levels of provision of protein needs at the expense of soybeans and were balanced in terms of basic nutrients in compliance with the requirements of detailed requirements. The analysis of the feeding conditions of experimental cows showed that the use of heat-treated soybeans in the structure of the ration contributed to a significant increase in milk productivity, as well as quality indicators, the content of dry matter, fat, protein, calcium and phosphorus. A similar pattern was observed in terms of indicators of the intensity of metabolic processes of cicatricial digestion. Thus, a positive effect on the percentage of certain volatile fatty acids, in particular acetic as a precursor of milk fat was noted. An increase was noted in the digestibility indicators of the main nutrients (protein, fat, fiber digestibility coefficients). The positive effect of soybeans on the milk productivity of the experimental cows was also noted by the results of the balance experiment. The nitrogen balance was positive and its use for milk production in cows of the fourth group compared to the control group was 27.4 % higher. A similar trend was observed in the balance of calcium and phosphorus. So, the conducted studies on the study of the productive effect of different amounts of soybeans instead of cereal components in the structure of compound feed on milk productivity give reason to recommend that farms use prepared soybeans in the proportion of 10–15 % in compound feed for high-yielding cows.

Section: вступunclassified

The use of soybeans in the structure of the ration of high-yielding cows

Pivtorak,

Nahirniak,

Hordiychuk

2024

“…Встановлено, що ґрунти областей центрального регіону бідні на рухомі форми мінеральних речовин, що сприяло формуванню численних біогеохімічних зон і понад десяти провінцій за вмістом в них і нестачею в кормах мікроелементів (Farionik & Gnatyuk, 2017;Stadnytska et al, 2022). Тому з вищевказаних причин все більше набирає обертів широке застосування в практиці тваринництва мікроелементів, вітамінів та інших біологічно активних речовин, з одного боку, з метою підвищення продуктивності тварин, профілактики та лікування тварин, з іншого -надходження ксенобіотиків ланцюгами живлення із навколишнього середовища в організм (Sidashova et al, 2022;Mylostyvyi et al, 2022Mylostyvyi et al, , 2023. Оптимальний вміст і співвідношення життєво необхідних мікроелементів в організмі сільськогосподарських тварин зумовлює нормальний перебіг обмінних процесів, добрий стан їхнього здоров'я і високу продуктивність (Hryshchuk et al, 2021(Hryshchuk et al, , 2022Ligomina et al, 2023).…”

Section: вступunclassified

The content of microelements in the blood of young bulls after correction of diets with deficient microelements

Chabanenko,

Farionik

2023

Micronutrients, or micronutrients, are an essential component of the diet of farm animals and play a key role in their health and performance. The importance of trace elements in physiological processes and ensuring the normal functioning of the animal body is highlighted. Micronutrients affect growth, fertility, the state of the immune system, the health of the skin and coat, and metabolism. This scientific study emphasizes the importance of a balanced consumption of trace elements in the diet of farm animals to achieve high-performance indicators and ensure their overall health. It is essential to consider that the deficiency or excess of trace elements in the diet of animals can lead to various problems with health and productivity. Therefore, accurate, balanced nutrition and control over the content of trace elements are critical aspects of animal husbandry. It is essential to consider that different species of animals can show different vulnerability to trace elements, and therefore, it is necessary to ensure the correct balance of trace elements in the diet of each species of animal to preserve their health and productivity. This article describes the feeding of deficient trace elements and their chelated compounds (Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, Zn). The research aimed to investigate the content of microelements (Cu, Pb, Mn, Co, Zn, Cd, Ni, Fe) in the blood of young cattle after correcting diets with deficient microelements. The obtained results show that the level of trace elements increased slightly in the animals of the 2nd, 3rd, and especially the 4th experimental group. Thus, at the end of the experiment, the content of trace elements in the cattle of the experimental groups was higher than in the animals of the control group. The highest amount of trace elements in the blood was observed in the fourth experimental group, which was fed chelated compounds of trace elements (methionates) in the following doses: CuMet(0.05), MnMet(0.1), ZnMet(0.1), FeMet(0.05), CoMet(0.03) mg/kg body weight.

“…В умовах інтенсивного виробництва м᾽яса молодої яловичини, щоб забезпечити високу продуктивність відгодівельних тварин, неможливо обійтись без дотримання деталізованих норм потреби тварин у поживних та біологічно активних речовинах (Bashchenko et al, 2021;Mylostyvyi et al, , 2022. Висока м᾽ясна продуктивність потребує постійного моніторингу за станом обміну речовин, здо-ров᾽ям тварин, ранньою діагностикою і своєчасним проведенням лікувально-профілактичних заходів (Stybel et al, 2021;Sidashova et al, 2022;Kuljaba et al, 2022).…”

Section: вступunclassified

Hematological indicators of bulls and their meat productivity depending on the structure of the ration

Mil,

Hordiychuk,

Nahirniak

et al. 2023

The article reflects the results of long-term scientific research conducted by the department of animal feeding and feed technology on fattening cattle. The task of the research was to study the specifics of the formation of meat productivity by the body of bulls of the Volyn meat breed, depending on the level of feeding, which, under the same type of ration, fully meets the animal's need for nutrients, in particular, in dry matter, available energy, the fractional composition of protein, carbohydrates, minerals and biologically active substances. The question of the organization of full-fledged nutrition of livestock of specialized meat breeds with the same type of feeding all year round using hay-type monoforage is relevant, especially in the practice of fattening young animals, with the aim of obtaining veal meat and young beef. This type of fodder according to the recipe proposed by us is produced at the “Pchany-Dеnkovich” farm. More complex fodder mixtures of three, four and five components have also been developed, based on the principle of field-made compound feed, which has received the name grain hay. Rations of this type do not require the use of concentrated feed when fattening livestock. This is exactly the approach reflected in the materials of the scientific and practical publication on the intensity of the functional growth processes of muscle tissue without excess fat. The data obtained in our research allow us to conclude that there is a direct relationship between the total protein content in muscle tissue and the nutritional qualities of the forage in the ration. Monofeed components such as grain of corn cobs of milk-wax maturity and soybean pods provide a relatively high protein content in the feed, which ensured high average daily gains in live weight with a limited amount of concentrates. The control slaughter of bulls at the end of the experiment showed that the average pre-slaughter live weight was at the level of 541–501 kg. The slaughter yield of the carcass had a direct dependence on the structure of the ration with a slight intergroup difference, which was within 0.8–1.2 % in relation to the first group, whose ration compensated the animals' need for energy and protein due to concentrates and was usually more expensive. Therefore, the replacement of part of the concentrates in terms of nutrition of the second and third groups does not lead to a significant negative impact on the morphological composition of the carcasses, which gives reason to assert the effectiveness of such rations. The conducted studies on fattening bulls of the Volyn beef breed allow us to state that the harvesting of monoforage (corn-soybean) of the hay type, the nutritional value of which is more than 0.5 fodder unit, which contains a sufficient amount of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and mineral salts, ensures high average daily gains in live weight and has a positive effect on the quality indicators of young beef meat. The production of this type of fodder allows to produce 78.1–99.8 hundredweights of fodder unit from 1 ha of fodder area and 6.1–13.9 hundredweights of digestible protein and makes it possible to reduce the consumption of concentrated feed in the structure of the rations of fattening animals.