Clinical Trial of Human Gonadotrophins

Crooke, A. C.; Butt, W. R.; Palmer, R. F.; Bertrand, P.; Carrington, S.P.; Edwards, R. Logan; Anson, C. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1964.tb04321.x

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…PMS and HCG have been used to induce ovulation on an economic scale in sheep (Robinson, 1951) and the technique is being explored in pigs (Phillippo, 1967) and cattle (Willett, Buckner & McShan, 1953). In recent years, hormones with follicle-stimulating activity extracted from human pituitary glands and post-menopausal urine have been successfully used in the treatment of infertility in women (Gemzell, 1964(Gemzell, , 1965Crooke, Butt, Carrington, Morris, Palmer & Edwards, 1964a;Crooke, Butt, Palmer, Bertrand, Carrington, Edwards & Anson, 19646;Lunenfeld, 1965). The results in women have, in general, been very encouraging, and a number of pregnancies have resulted from the treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Factors Affecting the Variation in Response of Mice to Gonadotrophic Hormones

McLaren¹

1967

Journal of Endocrinology

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The variation in the number of eggs shed by mice in response to treatment with gonadotrophic hormones depends on the sexual maturity and genetic constitution of the treated females, on the amount of pregnant mare serum used, and on the number of injections into which the total dose is divided. Dividing the dose into six administrations spread over 24 hr. nearly halved the variability of the response in one strain, and reduced the variance sixfold in another.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Factors Affecting the Variation in Response of Mice to Gonadotrophic Hormones

McLaren¹

1967

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…There was little doubt about its ability to stimulate the development of Graafian follicles and, with hcg treatment, to lead to ovulation and corpus luteum formation. Since then these effects have been repeatedly confirmed (Apostolakis, Bettendorf, 1962Bettendorf, , 1963Bettendorf, , 1964, 1965Buxton, 1961;Buxton & Herrmann, 1960Buxton, Käse & Van Orden, 1963;Crooke, 1964;Crooke, Butt, Palmer, Morris, Edwards & Anson, 1963a;Crooke, Butt, Palmer, Morris, Edwards, Taylor & Short, 1963b; Carrington, Morris, Palmer & Edwards, 1964a;Crooke, Butt, Palmer, Bertrand, Carrington, Edwards & Anson, 1964b;Crooke, Butt, Palmer, Morris & Morgan, 1964c;Diczfalusy, Johannison, Tillinger & Bettendorf, 1964;Gemzell, 1961Gemzell, , 1962aGemzell, , b, 1963aGemzell, , b, c, 1964Gemzell, , 1965aGemzell, Diczfalusy & Tillinger, 1960;Gemzell & Roos, 1966a, b;Grant, Meares, Ferguson & Wallace, 1964; Rosemberg, Coleman, Gibree & MacGillivray, 1962).…”

Section: Human Originmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Not until 1960 did Lunenfeld, Menzi & Volet (1960) report that gonadotrophins extracted from human post-meno¬ pausal urine could stimulate human ovaries. Numerous subsequent publica¬ tions have supported this observation and have shown that human menopausal gonadotrophin (hmg) and hcg can induce ovulation (Borth, Lunenfeld & Menzi 1961a;Crooke et al, 1963aCrooke et al, , 1964bDiczfalusy et al, 1964;Lunenfeld, 1963Lunenfeld, , 1965Lunenfeld, Rabau, Rumney, Winkelsberg, 1961;Lunenfeld, Sulimovici & Rabau, 1962;Palmer & Dorangeon, 1962;Pasetto & Montanino, 1964a, b; Rosemberg, Coleman, Demany & Celso-Ramon, 1963;Rosemberg, Maher, Stern & Demany, 1964;Staemmler, 1961;Vande Wiele & Turksoy, 1965). The preparation in common use today is 'PergonaP (Instituto Farmacologico Serono, Rome) and the method of its extraction has been evolved by Donini and collaborators (Donini, Puzzuoli & Montezemolo, 1964).…”

Section: Human Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has been extensively investigated by Crooke et al (1963aCrooke et al ( , 1964b using experiments of statistical design on a series of nine patients. With patients of steroid excretion as their criteria, they considered that the most normal response was likely to occur when the fsh is divided into three equal doses over 8 days and hcg is given as a single injection after an interval of under 96 hr after the third dose.…”

Section: Timing Of Fsh and Hcg Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Clinical Use of Pituitary Gonadotrophins in Women

Gemzell¹,

Roos²,

Loeffler³

1966

Reproduction

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On 22nd January 1926, in lectures to the`Gesellschaft f\l=u"\rGeburtshilfe und Gyn\l=a"\kologie zu Berlin', Zondek (1926) and Aschheim (1926) first made public the results of experiments on the intact immature mouse which demonstrated that the anterior pituitary contained substances which could stimulate the ovaries. They called the anterior pituitary`M otor der Sexualfunktion'. As with many of the most brilliant advances in medicine, their findings were confirmed by simultaneous but independent experiments on intact animals and hypophysectomized rats by Smith (1926) and Smith & Engle (1927) at Stanford University, California. Zondek and Aschheim ultimately suggested that there were two gonadotrophic substances in the anterior pituitary, one responsible for follicular development and the other for corpus luteum formation after follicular rupture. They called them`H ypophysenvorderlappenhormon A, (hvh-a) and`hvh-b'. These concepts are very similar to present-day teaching about the mechanisms involved in ovulation. It is now confirmed that there are two separate gonadotrophic substances: follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) and luteinizing hormone (lh) also known as interstitial cell stimulating hormone (icsh). At the onset of a menstrual cycle, under the influence of fsh from the anterior pituitary a number of follicles begin to develop and secrete oestrogen which causes endometrial proliferation. All but one of the follicles, for reasons unknown, become atretic. At about mid-cycle, under the added influence of a surge of lh, the favoured fsh-primed follicle ruptures with discharge of an ovum. The ruptured follicle is then transformed into a corpus luteum in which progesterone and small amounts of oestrogen are formed. The progesterone leads to secretory changes in the endometrium. In gynaecological practice human gonadotrophins are almost exclusively used for attempts to induce ovulation by imitating the sequential release of fsh and lh from the anterior pituitary. In women there is no evidence for the dependence of the corpus luteum on a third hormone, prolactin or luteotrophic hormone (lth), as is the case with experimental animals.

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Clinical Problems of Ovulation Defects

Grant

1976

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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The clinical manifestations of luteal phase defect. a condition frequently associated with pathological ovulation, have been reviewed along with methods of diagnosis and treatment. Data have been presented that indicate frequent associations of corpus luteum insufficiency with infertility and early abortion. The obvious similarities between experimental and clinical findings suggest strongly that this pathological entity is closely related to the ovulation defects that have been shown to cause a variety of reproductive anomalies in various laboratory animals.

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Clinical Trial of Human Gonadotrophins

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

Factors Affecting the Variation in Response of Mice to Gonadotrophic Hormones

Factors Affecting the Variation in Response of Mice to Gonadotrophic Hormones

The Clinical Use of Pituitary Gonadotrophins in Women

Clinical Problems of Ovulation Defects

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