Clinical use of dendritic cells for cancer therapy

Immunological metagene signatures derived from immunogenic cancer cell death associate with improved survival of patients with lung, breast or ovarian malignancies: A large-scale meta-analysis

“…5 Several clinical and pathological indicators have been introduced for estimating patient prognosis 6,7 however, while such systems are valuable, they mostly rely on clinical parameters or cancer cell-related factors. 6 The recently emerging role of the cancer cell-immune cell interface in shaping tumorigenesis [2][3][4] and the appearance of anticancer immunotherapy 8,9 has increased the need to identify new integrated as well as broad sets of prognostic biomarkers based on the cancer cell-immune cell interface.…”

Nanoparticle design to induce tumor immunity and challenge the suppressive tumor microenvironment

“…Most DC vaccines could increase the overall survival by a couple of months with a number of reports describing tumor regression in about 15% of patients. Nevertheless, in a high number of patients no effective immune response can be induced despite the induction of tumor-specific T cells upon vaccination [21,75,76]. In part this can be explained by the advanced disease in most patients that were included in DC vaccination studies.…”

CMRF-56+blood dendritic cells loaded with mRNA induce effective antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses

“…However, despite strong evidence of its utility in animal models and numerous clinical studies, there is limited evidence of widespread clinical efficacy. [1][2][3][4] Nonetheless, recent studies suggest that DC vaccination may have a place in treating both hematological and other malignancies; particularly if applied after a reduction in tumor burden following surgical resection, chemotherapy, or hematopoietic-stem-cell transplantation, when tumor immunosuppression is at its lowest. [5][6][7] Recent trials in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [8][9][10] and multiple myeloma 7 investigating monocyte derived dendritic cell (Mo-DC) vaccination, after induction chemotherapy and transplantation, have demonstrated objective clinical and immunological responses.…”

“…19,20 The minor CD141 C XCR1 C mDC subset generates excellent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses due to their strong capacity to cross present antigen 17,21 but their low frequency makes their purification unrealistic using current technologies. 2 Immune-selected pDC have also been explored in the context of vaccination, and have been shown to induce T-cell responses in patients with melanoma. 22 The practical difficulties in isolating sufficient BDC led to the predominant use of in vitro cultured "DC-like" Mo-DC in the vast majority of clinical studies.…”

“…31,32 This suggests that the efficacy seen in some studies may relate to an adjuvant or antigen-transfer effect to host DC present at the site of injection. Replacing Mo-DC manufactured in vitro with primary BDC has two potential advantages: (1) BDC are likely to be superior antigen-presenting cells (APC), due to their specialized native antigen-presenting capacity and their potential to migrate more effectively than their in vitro counterparts; 1 (2) it simplifies the preparation, avoiding expensive long-term culture and regulatory processes.…”