Clinical use of the odstock dropped foot stimulator: Its effect on the speed and effort of walking

Taylor, Paul N.; Burridge, Jane; Dunkerley, Anna L; Wood, Duncan; Norton, Jonathan; Singleton, Christine; Swain, Ian

doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(99)90333-7

Cited by 247 publications

(239 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Assisting dorsiflexion is therefore a target for orthotic intervention with functional electrical stimulation shown to increase dorsiflexion angle [42,43], with a twelve-week training program shown to reduce perceived exertion over a two-minute walk test [43]. Both functional electrical stimulation [44,45] and a dynamic dorsiflexion orthosis [46] have also demonstrated an ability to improve walking efficiency in people with MS. Assisting toe-clearance in swing is an important objective, since trips are the most frequent type of falls experienced by people with MS [47].…”

Section: Kinematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue induced changes to kinematic and kinetic gait parameters following six minutes of walking in people with multiple sclerosis

McLoughlin

Barr

Patritti

et al. 2015

Disability and Rehabilitation

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Section: Kinematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue induced changes to kinematic and kinetic gait parameters following six minutes of walking in people with multiple sclerosis

McLoughlin

Barr

Patritti

et al. 2015

Disability and Rehabilitation

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“…However, with repetitive activation, the muscle will fatigue and an increase in either the frequency or the intensity of stimulation will be required to enable the targeted muscle force to be maintained. Interestingly, although both the stimulation intensity and frequency can be modulated, most current FES systems deliver a constant frequency and only increase the stimulation intensity to increase force output as the muscle fatigues (Donaldson et al, 2000;Petrofsky and Stacy, 1992;Raymond et al, 1999;Taylor et al, 1999). Previous studies on animal muscles show that compared to modulating either the pulse-duration or frequency, a simultaneous modulation of both stimulation pulse-duration and frequency produces improved control of isometric torque during FES (Chizeck et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stimulation frequency versus pulse duration modulation on muscle fatigue

Kesar

Chou

Binder‐Macleod

2008

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology

109

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During functional electrical stimulation (FES), both the frequency and intensity can be increased to increase muscle force output and counteract the effects of muscle fatigue. Most current FES systems, however, deliver a constant frequency and only vary the stimulation intensity to control muscle force. This study compared muscle performance and fatigue produced during repetitive electrical stimulation using three different strategies: (1) constant pulse-duration and stepwise increases in frequency (frequency-modulation); (2) constant frequency and stepwise increases in pulse-duration (pulse-duration-modulation); and (3) constant frequency and pulse-duration (no-modulation). Surface electrical stimulation was delivered to the quadriceps femoris muscles of 12 healthy individuals and isometric forces were recorded. Muscle performance was assessed by measuring the percent changes in the peak forces and force-time integrals between the first and the last fatiguing trains. Muscle fatigue was assessed by measuring percent declines in peak force between the 60 Hz pre-and post-fatigue testing trains. The results showed that frequency-modulation showed better performance for both peak forces and force-time integrals in response to the fatiguing trains than pulse-duration-modulation, while producing similar levels of muscle fatigue. Although frequencymodulation is not commonly used during FES, clinicians should consider this strategy to improve muscle performance.

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“…The FES system developed by Kralj et al in 1983 proposed closed-loop stimulation of the quadriceps muscle group and the peroneal nerves to achieve paraplegic gait [30]. The last two decades have seen the development of several FES systems based on the designs of Kantrowitz and Liberson [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], and the recent advances in FES technology offer the possibility of achieving more complex and efficient stimulation. The control of FES systems has been improved through multichannel stimulators that can be combined with percutaneous and implanted electrodes.…”

Section: Functional Electrical Stimulation-aided Gaitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of hybrid exoskeletons to restore gait following spinal cord injury

del-Ama¹,

Koutsou²,

Moreno³

et al. 2012

JRRD

149

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Abstract-Different approaches are available to compensate gait in persons with spinal cord injury, including passive orthoses, functional electrical stimulation (FES), and robotic exoskeletons. However, several drawbacks arise from each specific approach. Orthotic gait is energy-demanding for the user and functionally ineffective. FES uses the muscles as natural actuators to generate gait, providing not only functional but also psychological benefits to the users. However, disadvantages are also related to the early appearance of muscle fatigue and the control of joint trajectories. Robotic exoskeletons that provide joint moment compensation or substitution to the body during walking have been developed in recent years. Significant advances have been achieved, but the technology itself is not mature yet because of many limitations related to both physical and cognitive interaction as well as portability and energy-management issues. Meanwhile, the combination of FES technology and exoskeletons has emerged as a promising approach to both gait compensation and rehabilitation, bringing together technologies, methods, and rehabilitation principles that can overcome the drawbacks of each individual approach. This article presents an overview of hybrid lower-limb exoskeletons, related technologies, and advances in actuation and control systems. Also, we highlight the functional assessment of individuals with spinal cord injury.

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Clinical use of the odstock dropped foot stimulator: Its effect on the speed and effort of walking

Cited by 247 publications

References 10 publications

Fatigue induced changes to kinematic and kinetic gait parameters following six minutes of walking in people with multiple sclerosis

Fatigue induced changes to kinematic and kinetic gait parameters following six minutes of walking in people with multiple sclerosis

Effects of stimulation frequency versus pulse duration modulation on muscle fatigue

Review of hybrid exoskeletons to restore gait following spinal cord injury

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