Clinical validation of the Symptom Self-rating Scale for Schizophrenia (4S) among inpatients

Patient‐reported impact of symptoms in schizophrenia scale (PRISS): Development and validation

“…Hence, the PRISS could fill the gap between self‐perceived and observer‐rated psychopathology in this condition. A significant advantage of the PRISS in comparison with other scales, such as the Symptom Self‐rating Scale for Schizophrenia (4S), 9 is its validation in different community care environments.…”

“…It has been validated in hospital settings. 9 Despite these significant advances in the development of PROMs in patients with schizophrenia, there is still a dearth of valid instruments to measure perceived experiences related to observed symptoms in outpatients with schizophrenia. and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO-DAS), 72.2% were statistically significant (p < 0.05) and ranged from 0.38-0.42, 0.32-0.42 and 0.40-0.42, respectively.…”

“…It comprises six symptom subscales and two side effects scales: extra‐pyramidal, nine items and autonomic, four items. It has been validated in hospital settings 9 …”

Can generative artificial intelligence facilitate illustration of‐ and communication regarding hallucinations and delusions?

“…The hope would be that the results of such studies would document that the facilitated communication regarding hallucinations and delusions due to the AI‐generated illustrations would both reduce stigma (showing the illustrations to other people will increase understanding of/demystify psychosis) and improve patient‐centered treatment. Indeed, with regard to the latter, it seems likely that the illustrations could be used to provide an exhaustive “map” of a patient's psychotic symptoms in the beginning of the course of treatment, a map which can then be revised as needed over time—and provide the basis for psychometric rating (“how severe has the symptom illustrated by this image been over the past week?”)—thereby facilitating measurement‐based care 12–14 …”

“…")thereby facilitating measurement-based care. [12][13][14] With regard to the practical process of generating illustrations of the specific hallucinations/delusions experienced by individuals with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, it would seem advisable to have this aided by a healthcare professional with some experience in prompting, for at least three reasons. First, generating images matching the psychotic symptoms described by a patient will require some practice in prompting ("prompt engineering" is becoming a discipline in itself).…”