Clinical Value of Extramural and Extranodal Cancer Permeation as a Prognostic Indicator in Patients with Gastric Cancer.

Extranodal metastasis is an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with gastric carcinoma

“…This is consistent with the finding that EM showed a close correlation with cancer aggressiveness measured in terms of serosal invasion. Furthermore, tumour cells from poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas were found to be scattered into both soft and connective tissues by means of peritoneal seeding in both the present and previous studies1, 2, 12. Another possibility is that EM occurs subsequent to lymph node involvement.…”

“…Extranodal metastasis (EM), comprising cancer cells in soft tissue discontinuous with the primary lesion, is found during routine examination of about 10-28 per cent of resected gastric carcinoma specimens 1,2 . According to the International Union Against Cancer (UICC), this type of tumour spread should be regarded as lymph node metastasis if the nodule has the form and smooth contour of a lymph node, but should otherwise be regarded as part of the primary tumour 3 .…”

Evaluation of rational extent lymphadenectomy for local advanced gastric cancer

“…Extranodal metastasis (EM) is defined as the presence of tumor cells in the extramural soft tissue found during the routine examination of about 10%-20% of resected gastric carcinoma specimens ( 23 , 24 ). According to the 5th edition of Union for International Cancer Control (UICC)/American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM classification ( 25 ), this type of tumor spread should be regard as LN metastasis if the nodule has the form and smooth contour of a LN, but should otherwise be regarded as part of the primary tumors.…”