Clinically important microbial diversity and its antibiotic resistance pattern towards various drugs

Boovaragamoorthy, Gowri Manogari; Anbazhagan, Murugadas; Piruthiviraj, Prakash; Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan; Kumar, Smita S.; Al-Dhabi, Naïf Abdullah; Ghilan, Abdul-K. Mohammed; Arasu, Mariadhas Valan; Kaliannan, Thamaraiselvi

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2019.08.008

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The outcome of the trials resulted in the following scores: 274 "+", 241 "0", and 37 "−" (▶ Table 4). Most of the experiments investigated performance effects (125 on growth or egg production, 69 focused on feed intake and 77 analyzed feed conversion rate), while "antiadhesive", "anti-inflammatory", and "antioxidant" effects were evaluated less frequently (6,6,15). Antibacterial activity was tested in 71 experiments, whereof 46 showed a positive effect according to the defined criteria in this review, 24 studies showed no effect compared to the control group, and 1 study had a negative outcome.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cattle and pigs, 20 000 tons of antimicrobial each were used and for poultry the use of 8905 tons has been estimated in 31 countries in the EU in 2017 [5]. Besides pharmacotherapy, antibiotics were also used for prophylaxis and as a growth-promoting agent to increase productivity in livestock [6,7]. Use and misuse of antimicrobials may lead to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens [6,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides pharmacotherapy, antibiotics were also used for prophylaxis and as a growth-promoting agent to increase productivity in livestock [6,7]. Use and misuse of antimicrobials may lead to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens [6,8]. In 2016, almost 70 % of E. coli isolates from poultry from different EU countries showed antibiotic resistance against amoxicillin; in other countries like the USA, China, or Brazil, E. coli isolates showed resistances up to 100 % against different antibiotic drugs [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Medicinal Plants for Prophylaxis and Therapy of Common Infectious Diseases In Poultry–A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies

et al. 2021

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Medicinal plants for prophylaxis and therapy of common infectious diseases in poultry have been studied for several years. The goal of this review was to systematically identify plant species and evaluate their potential in prophylaxis and therapy of common diseases in poultry caused by bacteria and gastrointestinal protozoa. The procedure followed the recommendations of the PRISMA statement and the AMSTAR measurement tool. The PICOS scheme was used to design the research questions. Two databases were consulted, and publications were manually selected, according to predefined in- and exclusion criteria. A scoring system was established to evaluate the remaining publications. Initially, 4197 identified publications were found, and 77 publications remained after manual sorting, including 38 publications with 70 experiments on bacterial infections and 39 publications with 78 experiments on gastrointestinal protozoa. In total, 83 plant species from 42 families were identified. Asteraceae and Lamiaceae were the most frequently found families with Artemisia annua being the most frequently found plant, followed by Origanum vulgare. As compared to placebo and positive or negative control groups, antimicrobial effects were found in 46 experiments, prebiotic effects in 19 experiments, and antiprotozoal effects in 47 experiments. In summary, a total of 274 positive effects predominated over 241 zero effects and 37 negative effects. Data indicate that O. vulgare, Coriandrum sativum, A. annua, and Bidens pilosa are promising plant species for prophylaxis and therapy of bacterial and protozoal diseases in poultry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medicinal Plants for Prophylaxis and Therapy of Common Infectious Diseases In Poultry–A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies

et al. 2021

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“…4 The use of antibiotics in animal feeding has helped the widespread emergence of resistant strains. 27 Treating infections caused by microbial resistant organisms is hampered by the increasing rate of multidrug resistant isolates, limiting the available therapeutic options. 28 This was the case with S. aureus isolates collected in this study, where nearly all isolates were multidrug resistant, in addition to the high percentage of detected MRSA (79.6%) and the few drug options available for MRSA treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>The Antimicrobial Activity of Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Niosomes against Ciprofloxacin-Resistant and Biofilm-Forming <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em></p>

Kashef

Saleh

Assar

et al. 2020

IDR

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The threat of Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial resistance is increasing worldwide. Niosomes are a new drug delivery system that enhances the antimicrobial potential of antibiotics. We hereby aim to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of ciprofloxacin-loaded niosomes. Methods: The antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical S. aureus isolates (n=59) was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Their biofilm formation activity was tested by Christensen's method. Two ciprofloxacin-loaded niosomal formulations were prepared by thin-film hydration method, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by agar dilution method, against ciprofloxacin-resistant and biofilm-forming isolates (n=24). Their ability to inhibit biofilm formation and eradicate already formed biofilms was evaluated and further confirmed by scanning electron microscope images. Non-synonymous mutations, in a quinolone resistance-determining regions of S. aureus isolates, were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Most of the isolates were methicillin-(47/59) and ciprofloxacin-resistant (45/59). All except two isolates were capable of biofilm production. Niosomal preparation I reduced ciprofloxacin MIC by twofold in four isolates, whereas preparation II reduced ciprofloxacin MIC of most isolates by 8-to 32-fold, with three isolates that became ciprofloxacinsusceptible. Non-synonymous mutations were detected in isolates that maintained phenotypic ciprofloxacin resistance against ciprofloxacin-loaded niosomal preparation II. Ciprofloxacinloaded niosomes reduced the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration and the minimum biofilm eradication concentration in 58% and 62% of the tested isolates, respectively. Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin-loaded niosomes can restore ciprofloxacin activity against resistant S. aureus isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the inhibition of biofilm formation and eradication of formed biofilms by ciprofloxacin-loaded niosomes.

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“…In several countries, except Europe, sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotics are added into diets to maintain gut health and increase the growth performance of broiler chickens [1,2]. However, consistent and indiscriminate use of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) in broiler chickens' diets resulted in the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms, which may have the potential to disseminate the antibiotic-resistant pathogens among organisms [3,4]. Therefore, the European Union (EU) and many other countries have banned the use of AGPs in food-producing animals [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Efficacy of Selected Phytobiotics with Halquinol and Tetracycline on Gut Morphology, Ileal Digestibility, Cecal Microbiota Composition and Growth Performance in Broiler Chickens

Basit

Kadir

Loh

et al. 2020

Animals

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The current experiment was designed to estimate the comparative efficacy of selected phytobiotics Persicaria odorata leaf meal (POLM) and Piper betle leaf meal (PBLM) with halquinol, and tetracycline in broiler chickens. The 150-day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to five dietary groups. The dietary supplementation groups were the basal diet (BD), which served as the negative control (NC), and BD + 0.2 g/kg tetracycline, which served as the positive control (PC); BD + 0.03 g/kg halquinol (HAL), BD + 8 g/kg POLM (Po8), and BD + 4 g/kg PBLM (Pb4) were the treatment groups. Growth performance, gut morphology, ileal digestibility, and cecal microbiota composition were measured. On day 21, the body weight gain (BWG) was enhanced (p < 0.05) in the broiler chickens fed on phytobiotics (Po8 and Pb4) relative to the NC group, however, on day 42 and in terms of overall growth performance, BWG was enhanced (p < 0.05 in diets (Po8, Pb4, HAL and PC) in comparison with the NC group. Conversely, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded reduced (p < 0.05) in Pb4, Po8, HAL, and PC group in comparison with the NC group. Supplementation of phytobiotics (Po8 and Pb4), HAL and PC, positively improved the gut morphology compared to the NC group. Furthermore, the maximum (p < 0.05) villus height (VH) in duodenum and jejunum was observed in broilers fed on diet Pb4. Supplementation of phytobiotics, HAL and PC, improved (p < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter (DM) (except for HAL), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and ash compared to the NC group. Dietary supplementation of phytobiotics (Po8 and Pb4), HAL and PC, significantly reduced the E. coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus (except for HAL) counts compared to the NC group. However, supplementation of Pb4 resulted in significantly decreased total anaerobic bacteria and Clostridium spp. counts compared to the NC group. In addition, supplementation of phytobiotics significantly increased the Lactobacillus count compared to HAL, PC, and NC groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of phytobiotics improved the gut morphology, positively modulated and maintained the dynamics of cecal microbiota with enhanced nutrient digestibility, thus, increased the growth performance. Based on current results, phytobiotics could be used as an alternative to AGPs for sustainable broiler chicken production.

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Clinically important microbial diversity and its antibiotic resistance pattern towards various drugs

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Medicinal Plants for Prophylaxis and Therapy of Common Infectious Diseases In Poultry–A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies

Medicinal Plants for Prophylaxis and Therapy of Common Infectious Diseases In Poultry–A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies

<p>The Antimicrobial Activity of Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Niosomes against Ciprofloxacin-Resistant and Biofilm-Forming <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em></p>

Comparative Efficacy of Selected Phytobiotics with Halquinol and Tetracycline on Gut Morphology, Ileal Digestibility, Cecal Microbiota Composition and Growth Performance in Broiler Chickens

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