Clinically Normal Stereopsis Does Not Ensure a Performance Benefit from Stereoscopic 3D Depth Cues

McIntire, John P.; Havig, Paul R.; Harrington, Lawrence K.; Wright, Steve; Watamaniuk, Scott; Heft, Eric L.

doi:10.1007/s13319-014-0020-9

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Furthermore, the types of monocular cues that are typically available in natural environments that might potentially compensate for stereopsis (e.g. shadows caused by the operator) are not fully simulated whilst the presence of ghosting (crosstalk) on the projection screen could also impact on performance‐ an issue that needs careful consideration in simulator design more broadly . The fact that dentists are learning to use stereopsis to control their actions suggests that simulators should ensure the perceptual information used in training maps to the information available in the real world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drilling into the functional significance of stereopsis: the impact of stereoscopic information on surgical performance

Al‐Saud

Mushtaq

Mirghani

et al. 2017

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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PurposeOne suggested advantage of human binocular vision is the facilitation of sophisticated motor control behaviours via stereopsis – but little empirical evidence exists to support this suggestion. We examined the functional significance of stereopsis by exploring whether stereopsis is used to perform a highly skilled real‐world motor task essential for the occupational practice of dentistry.MethodsWe used a high fidelity virtual reality simulator to study how dentists’ performance is affected by the removal of horizontal retinal image disparities under direct and indirect (mirror) observation. Thirteen qualified dentists performed a total of four different dental tasks under non‐stereoscopic and stereoscopic vision conditions, with two levels of task complexity (direct and indirect observation) using a virtual reality dental simulator.ResultsDepth related errors were significantly higher under non‐stereoscopic viewing but lateral errors did not differ between conditions. Indirect observation led to participants drilling less of the target area compared to direct viewing, but this did not interact with the stereopsis manipulation.ConclusionsThe data confirm that dental practitioners use stereopsis and its presence results in improved dental performance. It remains to be determined whether individuals with stereo‐deficits can compensate adequately. Nevertheless, these findings suggest an important role for stereopsis within at least one occupation and justify the design of simulators with 3D displays.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drilling into the functional significance of stereopsis: the impact of stereoscopic information on surgical performance

Al‐Saud

Mushtaq

Mirghani

et al. 2017

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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“…Individual differences in the availability of binocular disparity on viewing 3D graphics in various visual environments provide important information if the aim of society is to render 3D television accessible and popular for all age groups. Previous studies found that 17–30% of young and young‐middle people are pseudo‐stereoblind observers, meaning that they do not use disparity information when the depth of 3D graphic stimuli, which is presented for more than a few seconds, were evaluated by subjective judgments or a performance‐based task . This is the case even though these viewers can actually discriminate small levels of disparity in a Titmus stereoscopic test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is reasonable to suppose that a small percentage of people with physically normal eyes is unable to use disparity information to perceive the depth of 3D stimuli that last as long as a second (i.e., they have a type of stereoblindness). However, slightly more than 30% of people perceive virtually no depth when the duration of disparity information is 200 ms or less; these individuals are termed stereoanomalous observers …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We termed these people pseudo‐stereoblind observers. Another study using an objective manual depth alignment task also reported that about 17% of observers, ranging in age from 19 to 35 years old, demonstrated abnormal depth perception, although all observers showed normal stereovision and binocular function on screening tests . Therefore, it is likely that about 17–30% of young and young–middle people can be regarded as pseudo‐stereoblindness regardless of the type of depth evaluation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, slightly more than 30% of people perceive virtually no depth when the duration of disparity information is 200 ms or less; these individuals are termed stereoanomalous observers. 9 Interestingly, it has been shown that a number of young people cannot fully process information from binocular disparity in a specific 3D graphic environment in which stereoscopic stimuli are presented for more than a few seconds, even though they can discriminate small levels of disparity in a Titmus stereoscopic test (i.e., they are not stereoblind observers).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aging and availability of binocular disparity and pictorial depth cues in 3D graphics contents

et al. 2014

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Some stereoblind observers do not perceive depth of 3D stimuli that depends on binocular disparity. These individuals, who have no disabilities, comprise over 5% of the general population. In addition, 17–30% of nonstereoblind young and young–middle people do not use disparity information in certain 3D environments, a phenomenon known as pseudo‐stereoblindness. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between aging and the proportion of pseudo‐stereoblindness in the general population. In an experiment, 134 nonstereoblind participants, ranging in age from 17 to 83 years, judged subjective depth of 3D stimuli containing binocular disparity and pictorial depth cues. Results showed that the proportion of pseudo‐stereoblindness among young (17–24 years old) and young–middle aged observers (25–39 years old) was 29%, in both cases. However, the proportion of pseudo‐stereoblind observers increased in older populations: 65% and 82% in the middle (40–54 years old) and senior (55–83 years old) age groups, respectively. These results suggest that a number of people, especially in elderly populations, have trouble perceiving depth from binocular disparity in 3D graphic contents despite their essential ability to use disparity information.

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Adaptive Depth Cue Adjustments of Interactive and Stereoscopic 3D Product Models for Design Education

Chen

Chu

Cheng

2015

Communications in Computer and Information Science

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Clinically Normal Stereopsis Does Not Ensure a Performance Benefit from Stereoscopic 3D Depth Cues

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Drilling into the functional significance of stereopsis: the impact of stereoscopic information on surgical performance

Drilling into the functional significance of stereopsis: the impact of stereoscopic information on surgical performance

Aging and availability of binocular disparity and pictorial depth cues in 3D graphics contents

Adaptive Depth Cue Adjustments of Interactive and Stereoscopic 3D Product Models for Design Education

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