Clinico-Microbiological Investigation of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection by Enterococcus faecalis : vanA Genotype

Padmavathy, Kesavaram; Praveen, S.; Madhavan, Radha; Krithika, Nagarajan; Kiruthiga, Alexander

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2015/13856.6378

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Catheterization is a potential risk factor for bacterial colonization and infection (Padmavathy et al, 2015; Tong et al, 2015). S. aureus and E. faecalis are both capable of adhering to abiotic surfaces (such as catheter) due to the expression of surface proteins (Foster et al, 2014), such as the S. aureus protein A (SpA) and the enterococcal surface protein (Esp) (Elhadidy and Elsayyad, 2013; Zapotoczna et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, multidrug resistant strains have been observed with increasing frequency and their spreading has been recognized as one of the most alarming issues for the global health system, resulting in high levels of morbidity and mortality (Wilson et al, 2016). Infections caused by staphylococcal and enterococcal are reported as a major problem in hospitalized patients especially those using indwelling medical devices such as urinary catheters, feeding tubes, and peripherally inserted central catheters (Padmavathy et al, 2015; Tong et al, 2015). In order to cause infection, these pathogens produce a range of virulence factors which in turn, promote host tissue damage and contribute to bacterial evasion from the host’s immune response and their subsequent survival in the bloodstream (Bhatty et al, 2015; Thammavongsa et al, 2015; Theilacker et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Factors and Protects against Infection in a Galleria mellonella Model

et al. 2016

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Bacterial resistance to the available marketed drugs has prompted the search of novel therapies; especially in regards of anti-virulence strategies that aim to make bacteria less pathogenic and/or decrease their probability to become resistant to therapy. Cinnamaldehyde is widely known for its antibacterial properties through mechanisms that include the interaction of this compound with bacterial cell walls. However, only a handful of studies have addressed its effects on bacterial virulence, especially when tested at sub-inhibitory concentrations. Herein, we show for the first time that cinnamaldehyde is bactericidal against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis multidrug resistant strains and does not promote bacterial tolerance. Cinnamaldehyde actions were stronger on S. aureus as it was able to inhibit its hemolytic activity on human erythrocytes and reduce its adherence to latex. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde enhanced the serum-dependent lysis of S. aureus. In vivo testing of cinnamaldehyde in Galleria mellonella larvae infected with S. aureus, showed this compound improves larvae survival whilst diminishing bacterial load in their hemolymph. We suggest that cinnamaldehyde may represent an alternative therapy to control S. aureus-induced bacterial infections as it presents the ability to reduce bacterial virulence/survival without promoting an adaptive phenotype.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Factors and Protects against Infection in a Galleria mellonella Model

et al. 2016

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“…The colonization of bacterial species like S. epidermidis and E. faecalis in central venous catheters poses a greater risk of catheter associated blood infections. The green-synthesized AgNPs could be manifested to minimize such catheter-associated infection, which poses higher cost for heathcare 48 – 52 . The prevalence of S. pneumoniae infections in ICUs can thus be minimized by adopting such sterilization procedures 53 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco friendly silver nanoparticles synthesis by Brassica oleracea and its antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant properties

Ansar

Tabassum

Aladwan

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

124

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Production of environmentally amenable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has garnered the interest of the scientific community owing to their broad application primarily in the field of optronics, sensing and extensively in pharmaceuticals as promising antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents. The current study emphases on production of ecofriendly silver nanoparticles from Brassica oleracea (BO) and investigated their antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant activity. The characteristics of synthesized BO-AgNPs were studied by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, particle size analysis, electro kinetic/zeta potential analysis, and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). A distinctive absorption maximum at 400 nm confirmed the formation of BO-AgNPs and data on TEM analysis have shown that the synthesized nanoparticles were predominantly spherical in shape. The BO-AgNPs obtained were assessed for antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic ability in MCF-7 cells. The antibacterial activity expressed was maximum against Staphylococcus epidermidis (Gram positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram negative) with DIZ of 14.33 ± 0.57 and 12.0 ± 0.20 mm respectively. Furthermore, the ability of the synthesized green nanoparticles to scavenge free radicals revealed a strong antioxidant activity. The cytotoxicity increased proportionately with increasing concentration of the green synthesized BO-AgNPs with maximum effect at 100 μg/ml and IC50 of 55 μg/ml. In conclusion, the data obtained in the study is reflective of the role of BO-AgNPs as potential and promising antimicrobial agent against bacterial infections and potential anticancer agent in cancer therapy.

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“…The higher incidence of MRSA and VRE from patients with catheter-associated UTI might be due to previous antimicrobial therapy, biofilm formation and previous hospitalization in those patients. Catheterization is the most important risk factor for MRSA and VRE associated UTI 33,34…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Comparative study of antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation among Gram-positive uropathogens isolated from community-acquired urinary tract infections and catheter-associated urinary tract infections</p>

Shrestha¹,

Baral²,

Khanal³

2019

IDR

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Background: Gram-positive cocci have emerged to be an important cause of urinary tract infection (UTI) both in community-acquired UTI (Com-UTI) and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CA-UTI). The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of Gram-positive cocci urinary tract infections, their susceptibility patterns to commonly used antimicrobial agents and the biofilm forming property with respect to catheter-associated UTI and community-acquired UTI. Methods: A total of 1,360 urine samples from indwelling catheter and 10,423 from mid-stream urine were obtained during a 6-month period and processed following standard microbiological guidelines. Biofilm formation was detected using congo red agar (CRA), tube method (TM) and tissue culture plate (TCP) method. Chi-square test and independent sample t -test were employed to calculate the significance. Statistical significance was set at P -value ≤0.05. Results: The infection rate was significantly higher in CA-UTI as compared to Com-UTI (25% vs 18%, p =0.0001). Among 2,216 organisms isolated, 471 were Gram-positive cocci; 401 were obtained from Com-UTI while 70 were from CA-UTI. Enterococcus faecalis was the most common organism isolated from Com-UTI, while Staphylococcus aureus was commonest among CA-UTI. Multi-drug resistance, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci were also significantly higher in CA-UTI as compared to Com-UTI. Biofilm-forming property was significantly higher in CA-UTI than Com-UTI. The sensitivity of congo red agar method and tube method was 79% and 81.9% respectively and specificity was 98.5% each. Antimicrobial resistance was significantly higher in biofilm-formers as compared to non-formers. Conclusion: Gram-positive bacteria are a significant cause of both CA-UTI and Com-UTI with Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus as common pathogen. Biofilm formation and multi-drug resistance is significantly higher in CA-UTI than Com-UTI. Routine surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation is necessary in all cases of UTI to ensure the proper management of patients.

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Clinico-Microbiological Investigation of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection by Enterococcus faecalis : vanA Genotype

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Factors and Protects against Infection in a Galleria mellonella Model

Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Factors and Protects against Infection in a Galleria mellonella Model

Eco friendly silver nanoparticles synthesis by Brassica oleracea and its antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant properties

<p>Comparative study of antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation among Gram-positive uropathogens isolated from community-acquired urinary tract infections and catheter-associated urinary tract infections</p>

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