Clinicopathologic variables associated with hypokalemia in lactating dairy cows with abomasal displacement or volvulus

Constable, Peter D.; Grünberg, Walter; Staufenbiel, R.; Stämpfli, Henry

doi:10.2460/javma.242.6.826

Cited by 45 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Generally, a mild metabolic alkalosis with hypochloremia and hypokalemia is common in cows with DA (13). In the present study there was only mild hypokalemia without metabolic alkalosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 40%

NMR-based metabolomic evaluation in dairy cows with displaced abomasum

Basoglu¹,

Başpınar²,

Coşkun³

2014

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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“…Generally, a mild metabolic alkalosis with hypochloremia and hypokalemia is common in cows with DA (13). In the present study there was only mild hypokalemia without metabolic alkalosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 40%

NMR-based metabolomic evaluation in dairy cows with displaced abomasum

Basoglu¹,

Başpınar²,

Coşkun³

2014

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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“…Although dosage recommendations for K supplementation in cattle vary widely, there is a general consensus that single doses of KCl should not exceed 200 g to avoid potentially life-threatening side effects (Sweeney 1999, Constable and others 2013). A dose of K 2 HPO 4 containing adequate amounts of P would therefore be associated with a considerable overdose of K.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteral administration of monosodium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate for the treatment of hypophosphataemia in lactating dairy cattle

Idink

Grünberg

2015

Veterinary Record

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Hypohosphataemia is a frequent finding in early lactating and anorectic dairy cows. Sodium phosphate is commonly used for oral phosphorus (P) supplementation, although other phosphate salts may present useful treatment alternatives. Objectives of this study were to compare the efficacy of monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4) and monocalcium phosphate (Ca(H2PO4)2) to monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4) in P-depleted cows. Furthermore, the effect of concentrated NaH2PO4 on the reticular groove reflex was studied. Six healthy but P-depleted dairy cows underwent four treatments in randomised order. Treatments consisted of intraruminal administration of NaH2PO4, KH2PO4 and Ca(H2PO4)2 providing the equivalent of 60 g P. A fourth treatment consisting of concentrated NaH2PO4 combined with acetaminophen as a marker substance was administered orally to determine whether the reticular groove reflex could be induced. Intraruminal administration of NaH2PO4 and KH2PO4 resulted in similar increases in plasma Pi concentrations ([Pi]) while intraruminal Ca(H2PO4)2 resulted in lower increases in plasma [Pi]. Oral and intraruminal administration of NaH2PO4 resulted in similar times to peak plasma [Pi] and acetaminophen concentration, indicating that concentrated NaH2PO4 administered orally did not trigger the reticular groove reflex. These results suggest that oral administration of KH2PO4 is equally effective as NaH2PO4. Oral administration of Ca(H2PO4)2 in contrast has a less pronounced effect on the plasma [Pi].

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“…The internal potassium balance, which describes the distribution of potassium between intra‐ and extracellular body compartments, is also influenced by numerous factors. Acidemia, ischemia, cell damage, alpha‐adrenergic agonists, and heavy exercise all lead to a shift of intracellular potassium into the extracellular space, whereas alkalosis (administration of sodium bicarbonate), beta‐adrenergic agonists, insulin (administration of glucose), and aldosterone cause a shift of potassium into the cells 6, 7, 8, 9…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration of Potassium in Plasma, Erythrocytes, and Muscle Tissue in Cows with Decreased Feed Intake and Gastrointestinal Ileus

Schneider

Müller

Wittek

2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundHealthy cows consume large amounts of potassium and a sudden loss in appetite can lead to hypokalemia. The routine method to evaluate potassium homeostasis is the measurement of the extracellular potassium in plasma or serum, but this does not provide information about the intracellular potassium pool.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate potassium homeostasis by comparing the extracellular and intracellular potassium concentration in cows with reduced feed intake and gastrointestinal ileus.AnimalsTwenty cows 1–3 days postpartum (group 1) and 20 cows with gastrointestinal ileus (group 2).MethodsObservational cross‐sectional study. Plasma potassium was measured by using an ion‐sensitive electrode. Intracellular potassium was measured in erythrocytes and muscle tissue (muscle biopsy) by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy.ResultsCows of group 1 did not have hypokalemia. Overall cows with gastrointestinal ileus were hypokalemic (mean ± SD, 2.9 mmol/L ± 0.78), but potassium concentration in erythrocytes and muscle tissue was not lower than in postpartum cows. Intracellular potassium in erythrocytes varied very widely; group 1: 3497–10735 mg/kg (5559 ± 2002 mg/kg), group 2: 4139–21678 mg/kg (7473 ± 4034 mg/kg). Potassium in muscle tissue did not differ between group 1 (3356 ± 735 mg/kg wet weight) and group 2 (3407 ± 1069 mg/kg wet weight). No association between extracellular and intracellular potassium concentrations was detected.Conclusions and clinical importanceThat measurement of plasma potassium concentration is not sufficient to evaluate potassium metabolism of cows.

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Clinicopathologic variables associated with hypokalemia in lactating dairy cows with abomasal displacement or volvulus

Cited by 45 publications

References 47 publications

NMR-based metabolomic evaluation in dairy cows with displaced abomasum

NMR-based metabolomic evaluation in dairy cows with displaced abomasum

Enteral administration of monosodium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate for the treatment of hypophosphataemia in lactating dairy cattle

Concentration of Potassium in Plasma, Erythrocytes, and Muscle Tissue in Cows with Decreased Feed Intake and Gastrointestinal Ileus

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