Clinicopathological Analysis of 90 Cases of Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Injection for Breast Augmentation Including 2 Cases Followed by Breast Cancer

Yang, Ying; Li, Shumo; He, Jia; Zhao, Xin; Chen, Wei; Dai, Xiaoming; Liu, Liu

doi:10.1159/000499832

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Although a rare complication, granulomatous inflammation has been reported to occur with a wide variety of filler materials, 2 including in the samples presented in this study. Pseudocapsule formation has additionally been described 4 and was a prominent feature in the experimental samples in this investigation. The relatively common occurrence of capsule formation may help explain how filler-related swelling and inflammatory complications can be seen many years after implantation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Tissue Inflammatory Responses to Hyaluronic Acid Gel Filler

et al. 2022

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Tissue Inflammatory Responses to Hyaluronic Acid Gel Filler

et al. 2022

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“…

Polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) is a polymer composed of polyacrylamide and water. Introduced in the early 1990s, it was widely advertised for its nontoxicity, non-resorbability, and biocompatibility [1]. First used as a dermal filler to improve skin contour, its use was expanded to breast augmentation.

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confidence: 99%

Remote migration of breast filler to the inguinal area: a case report

Choi

Kim

2021

Arch Aesthetic Plast Surg

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Polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) is an injectable material for breast augmentation that was developed in the 1980s. It was widely used until the 2000s, but subsequently lost its popularity due to high complication rates. In this case report, we share our experience of a patient complaining of hard and asymmetric breasts who had received PAAG injections 7 years ago. Surprisingly, we found that the filler in the left breast had migrated to the left inguinal area. Although breast fillers have lost ground in recent years, we think that long-term complications of fillers, as observed in this case, will still arise in the future. Therefore, young plastic surgeons who do not have direct experience with this material should be aware of its possible complications.

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“…As a foreign body, PAAG can form a fibrous capsule within a pseudocapsule, and damage the structure of the pectoralis major muscle and extrapleural space ( 13 ). Yang et al ( 14 ) recently reported that PAAG gel diffused into the pectoralis major and minor muscles of 70.93% patients and intercostal muscles of 2.33% patients. To completely evaluate PAAG migration, He et al ( 15 ) presented a retrospective review including patients with PAAG migration after injection from 2013 to 2018 and described a practical classification system ranging from type I to type V using MRI examinations for operative guidance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulomatous mastitis and pectoralis major muscle defect following polyacrylamide hydrogel injection: a case report and literature review

Xie,

Wan,

Shao

et al. 2024

AME Case Rep

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Background Breast augmentation through the injection of polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) was a popular procedure in the past, but it has since been prohibited due to various complications, including masses, migration, infection, inflammation, and even cancer. However, there were rare cases of granulomatous mastitis with pectoralis major muscle defect following PAAG injection for breast augmentation. Case Description A 40-year-old female patient presented with a swollen and suppurative mass in her left breast and was insensitive to antibiotics. She was admitted to our department for further treatment after 7 months with progressive local and general symptoms. Ultrasound imaging showed ill-defined heterogeneous echoes, and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed non-mass enhancement lesions in the multiregional distribution in Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System 4A (BI-RADS 4A) with oedema in the retroglandular space and multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the ipsilateral axilla. Intraoperative observations revealed necrotic tissues, multiple abscesses, residual mucoid PAAG prosthesis diffused into the mammary glands and intramuscularly into the pectoralis muscle, and partial loss of pectoralis major muscle. Histopathological results revealed foreign-body granulomas accompanied by gel-like granular PAAG and proliferative inflammatory cells. She recovered after undergoing the characteristic surgical management in our center under general anesthesia and had no recurrence during the 2-year follow-up. Conclusions This case revealed that PAAG injection for augmentation mammaplasty, even after the removal operation, could result in subsequent complications, including granulomatous mastitis and pectoralis major muscle damage. PAAG filler complications are difficult to treat, therefore, it is essential to establish appropriate and effective therapeutic procedures.

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Clinicopathological Analysis of 90 Cases of Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Injection for Breast Augmentation Including 2 Cases Followed by Breast Cancer

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Tissue Inflammatory Responses to Hyaluronic Acid Gel Filler

Tissue Inflammatory Responses to Hyaluronic Acid Gel Filler

Remote migration of breast filler to the inguinal area: a case report

Granulomatous mastitis and pectoralis major muscle defect following polyacrylamide hydrogel injection: a case report and literature review

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