Growing evidence suggests that YAP/TAZ are mediators of the Hippo pathway and promote breast cancer. However, the roles of YAP/TAZ transcription factor partners TEADs in breast cancer remain unclear. Here we found that TEAD4 was expressed in breast cancer cell lines, especially in triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) cell lines. TEAD4 binds to KLF5. Knockdown of either TEAD4 or KLF5 in HCC1937 and HCC1806 cells induced the expression of CDK inhibitor p27. Depletion of either TEAD4 or KLF5 activated the p27 gene promoter and increased the p27 mRNA levels. Depletion of p27 partially prevents growth inhibition caused by TEAD4 and KLF5 knockdown. TEAD4 overexpression stimulated proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in mice, while stable knockdown of TEAD4 inhibited proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in mice. Thus TEAD4 and KLF5, in collaboration, promoted TNBC cell proliferation and tumor growth in part by inhibiting p27 gene transcription. TEAD4 is a potential target and biomarker for the development of novel therapeutics for breast cancer.

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This paper reports a robust and systematic approach to generate high-order scalar Laguerre-Gaussian (LG_p,l) beams in end-pumped solid-state lasers by introducing loss control. Based on the spatial distributions of Laguerre-Gaussian modes and the theory of transverse mode selection, the "loss control" is implemented by an amplitude mask in the resonator. This proposed mechanism can be divided into three categories: radial loss, azimuthal loss, and the combination of radial and azimuthal loss, which correspond to excite radial high-order modes (LG_p,0), azimuthal high-order modes (LG_0,l), and regular high-order modes (LG_p,l), respectively. By controlling the locations and thicknesses of opaque rings and lines on the mask, all kinds of LG_p,l modes can be obtained. With the application of mode purity, all the generated modes possess high mode purities greater than 93% in simulation.

Background Secretory breast carcinoma is an exceptionally rare type of breast carcinoma. Only 5 cases of pure secretory carcinoma in situ have been reported in English literature. Herein, we reported a rare case of pure secretory breast carcinoma in situ. Case presentation The patient is a 38-year-old female with bloody discharge from the left nipple. Microscopically, the terminal-duct lobular units were enlarged and filled with tumor cells. The tumor cells were arranged in cystic, microcystic, solid and papillary pattern and formed a honeycomb-like appearance. The presence of intracellular and extracellular eosinphilic PAS-positive material was the most remarkable feature. Immunohistochemically, myoepithelial markers highlighted the complete presence of myoepithelial cells around the tumour nests. Tumour cells were strongly positive for S-100 and CK5/6, negative for ER, PR and HER2. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed ETV6-NTRK3 fusion. Conclusion Secretory carcinoma in situ shares the same morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular features with invasive secretory carcinoma except that the papillary growth pattern is more common in the introductal components. Cautions should be taken to distinguish secretory carcinoma in situ from other introductal lesions. Our report is an important supplement to the morphology spectrum of secretory breast carcinoma.

Background: Although polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) injection for breast augmentation has been prohibited for many years, the long-term complications will be significant for a long period. Few research articles have focused on the clinicopathological analysis. Materials and Methods: We summarized clinical and pathological features of 90 cases after PAAG-injected breast augmentation, including 2 cases of breast cancer developed following PAAG injection. Results: All patients were females between the ages of 30 and 64 years (mean, 44 years). The complications included masses (75.58%), pain (45.35%), migration (22.09%), deformation (18.60%), infection (16.28%), induration (4.65%), and psychological fear (2.33%). Microscopically, the PAAG presented as purple gel pools, and the foreign body reaction was noted in all 90 patients. The proportion of fibrous component exceeded 90% in 26 cases (28.89%). Chronic and acute inflammation was noted in 70 (77.78%) and 9 (10%) patients, respectively. The mammary gland around the gel displayed atrophy in 18 cases (20.00%), adenosis in 33 cases (36.67%), ductal carcinoma in situ in 1 case (1.11%), and invasive carcinoma in 1 case (1.11%). Conclusion: The long-term complications of PAAG-injected breast augmentation are various and complex. Pathologically, these complications are associated with foreign body reaction, fibrosis, and inflammation.